BACKGROUND Chest traumas are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, especially in the younger population.Methods Diagnostic imaging plays a key role in their management. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the most important imaging method in this field. Its advantages include especially high speed and high geometric resolution in any plane.Results The method allows us to view large parts of the body with minimal motion artifacts and to create accurate multiplanar and three-dimensional (3D) reformations, which make the diagnosis significantly more accurate. Because of its advantages MDCT has become the first-choice method in high-energy traumas.Conclusion This article summarises the position of MDCT in the diagnostic algorithm of chest injuries, technical aspects of the examination and imaging findings in traumas of the individual chest compartments. CONCLUSIONS • Diagnostic imaging plays a key role in the management of high-energy chest trauma. • MDCT is the most important imaging method in this kind of injury, as detailed information can be acquired in a short acquisition time. • Multiplanar and three-dimensional (3D) reformattings make the diagnosis significantly more accurate.