Focal cortical dysplasia type IIa underlying epileptogenesis in patients with epilepsy associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. 2012

Nobuya Murakami, and Takato Morioka, and Satoshi O Suzuki, and Kimiaki Hashiguchi, and Toshiyuki Amano, and Ayumi Sakata, and Toru Iwaki, and Tomio Sasaki
Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. nobuya@ns.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

In patients with epilepsy associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS), epileptogenesis has been suggested to be caused by chronic ischemia in cortical areas affected by leptomeningeal angiomatosis or by ischemia-related cortical malformations. However, this has not been fully verified electrophysiologically. We herein present two cases of SWS with medically intractable epilepsy in which the epileptogenic area involved focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIa near the region of leptomeningeal angiomatosis. In both cases, the ictal-onset zones were identified by chronic subdural electrodes, and the presence of FCD type IIa was shown histopathologically. In SWS, especially in association with focal leptomeningeal angiomatosis, FCD may thus play a major role in epileptogenesis. FCD should therefore be demonstrated by the collective findings of perioperative neurophysiologic examination, anatomic and functional neuroimaging, and histopathologic examination.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001927 Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. Intracranial Central Nervous System Disorders,Brain Disorders,CNS Disorders, Intracranial,Central Nervous System Disorders, Intracranial,Central Nervous System Intracranial Disorders,Encephalon Diseases,Encephalopathy,Intracranial CNS Disorders,Brain Disease,Brain Disorder,CNS Disorder, Intracranial,Encephalon Disease,Encephalopathies,Intracranial CNS Disorder
D004827 Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) Aura,Awakening Epilepsy,Seizure Disorder,Epilepsy, Cryptogenic,Auras,Cryptogenic Epilepsies,Cryptogenic Epilepsy,Epilepsies,Epilepsies, Cryptogenic,Epilepsy, Awakening,Seizure Disorders
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000293 Adolescent A person 13 to 18 years of age. Adolescence,Youth,Adolescents,Adolescents, Female,Adolescents, Male,Teenagers,Teens,Adolescent, Female,Adolescent, Male,Female Adolescent,Female Adolescents,Male Adolescent,Male Adolescents,Teen,Teenager,Youths
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D013341 Sturge-Weber Syndrome A non-inherited congenital condition with vascular and neurological abnormalities. It is characterized by facial vascular nevi (PORT-WINE STAIN), and capillary angiomatosis of intracranial membranes (MENINGES; CHOROID). Neurological features include EPILEPSY; cognitive deficits; GLAUCOMA; and visual defects. Neuroretinoangiomatosis,Phakomatosis, Sturge-Weber,Angiomatosis Oculoorbital-Thalamic Syndrome,Encephalofacial Hemangiomatosis Syndrome,Meningo-Oculo-Facial Angiomatosis,Meningofacial Angiomatosis-Cerebral Calcification Syndrome,Parkes Weber Syndrome,Parkes-Weber Syndrome,Sturge Disease,Sturge Syndrome,Sturge's Syndrome,Sturge-Kalischer-Weber Syndrome,Sturge-Weber-Dimitri Syndrome,Sturge-Weber-Krabbe Syndrome,Angiomatosis, Meningo-Oculo-Facial,Hemangiomatosis Syndrome, Encephalofacial,Meningo Oculo Facial Angiomatosis,Phakomatosis, Sturge Weber,Sturge Kalischer Weber Syndrome,Sturge Weber Dimitri Syndrome,Sturge Weber Krabbe Syndrome,Sturge Weber Syndrome,Sturge-Weber Phakomatosis,Syndrome, Encephalofacial Hemangiomatosis,Syndrome, Parkes Weber,Syndrome, Parkes-Weber,Syndrome, Sturge,Syndrome, Sturge's,Syndrome, Sturge-Kalischer-Weber,Syndrome, Sturge-Weber,Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Dimitri,Syndrome, Sturge-Weber-Krabbe
D054220 Malformations of Cortical Development Abnormalities in the development of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. These include malformations arising from abnormal neuronal and glial CELL PROLIFERATION or APOPTOSIS (Group I); abnormal neuronal migration (Group II); and abnormal establishment of cortical organization (Group III). Many INBORN METABOLIC BRAIN DISORDERS affecting CNS formation are often associated with cortical malformations. They are common causes of EPILEPSY and developmental delay. Generalized Cortical Dysplasia,Cerebral Cortical Dysplasia,Cortical Dysplasia,Cortical Dysplasia, Cerebral,Malformations of Cerebral Cortex Development,Cerebral Cortical Dysplasias,Cortical Development Malformation,Cortical Development Malformations,Cortical Dysplasia, Generalized,Cortical Dysplasias,Development Malformation, Cortical,Dysplasia, Cerebral Cortical,Dysplasia, Cortical,Dysplasia, Generalized Cortical,Generalized Cortical Dysplasias
D065703 Malformations of Cortical Development, Group I Cortical malformations secondary to abnormal neuronal and glial CELL PROLIFERATION or APOPTOSIS in NEUROGENESIS. This group includes congenital MICROCEPHALIES; MICROLISSENCEPHALIES, megalencephalies, HEMIMEGALENCEPHALIES and cortical dysplasias with balloon cells. Abnormal Proliferation Cortical Malformations,Cortical Malformations, Group I,Malformations Due to Abnormal Neuronal and Glial Proliferation or Apoptosis,Malformations Secondary to Abnormal Neuronal and Glial Proliferation or Apoptosis

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