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[Drug eruptions in children in Cotonou, Benin]. 2012

H Adegbidi, and F Atadokpede, and G Sagbo, and C Koudoukpo, and M D'Almeida, and J Teclessou, and P N'Dah, and A T Djoonyam A Eroume, and H G Yedomon, and F Do Ango-Padonou
Service de Dermatologie-Venerologie. Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire HKM Faculte des Sciences de la Sante de Cotonou BP 386 Cotonou Benin. adegbidih@yahoo.fr

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological aspects of drug eruptions in children in hospital area in Cotonou. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology of Cotonou (Benin) from 1998 to 2009. All cases of drug eruption occurred, during the study period, in children under 16 years old were selected for the study. The diagnosis of the drug eruption was based on clinical findings. The Identification of culprit drugs was based on the criteria as defined by the French Group of Pharmaco-vigilance. RESULTS From 1998 to 2009, 232 cases of drug eruption were diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology. Of this, 35 cases occurred in children under 16 years old. The patient mean age was 6.6 years with a sex ratio of 0.94. 4 patients were HIV positive. The culprit drug was identified in 21 patients (60%): sulfonamides 52.38% (11/21 cases), penicillin 9.52% (2 cases), vaccine 9.52% (2 cases), acetaminophen 9.52% (2 cases), acetyl salicylic acid 4.76% (n = 1), quinine 4.76% (n = 1), phenobarbital 4.76% (n = 1) and ceftriaxone 4.76% (n = 1). The main clinical patterns were: fixed drug eruption 45.71% (16/35), maculopapular rash 17.14% (n = 6), Stevens-Johnson syndrome 17.14% (n=6), and urticaria 8.57% (n = 3), 1 case of toxic epidermal necrolysis was seen and one patient died. CONCLUSIONS Skin reactions caused by drug intake are a rare disorder among children and fixed drug eruption is the main clinical presentation of the disease in Cotonou (Benin).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D008297 Male Males
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D002675 Child, Preschool A child between the ages of 2 and 5. Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D003875 Drug Eruptions Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions. Dermatitis Medicamentosa,Dermatitis, Adverse Drug Reaction,Maculopapular Drug Eruption,Maculopapular Exanthem,Morbilliform Drug Reaction,Morbilliform Exanthem,Drug Eruption,Drug Eruption, Maculopapular,Drug Eruptions, Maculopapular,Drug Reaction, Morbilliform,Drug Reactions, Morbilliform,Eruption, Drug,Eruption, Maculopapular Drug,Eruptions, Drug,Eruptions, Maculopapular Drug,Exanthem, Maculopapular,Exanthem, Morbilliform,Exanthems, Maculopapular,Exanthems, Morbilliform,Maculopapular Drug Eruptions,Maculopapular Exanthems,Morbilliform Drug Reactions,Morbilliform Exanthems,Reaction, Morbilliform Drug,Reactions, Morbilliform Drug
D004890 Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes. Erythemas
D005076 Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology. Rash,Skin Rash,Exanthem,Rash, Skin
D005260 Female Females
D006785 Hospitals, University Hospitals maintained by a university for the teaching of medical students, postgraduate training programs, and clinical research. University Hospitals

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