Biomaterial Database

Differential effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 on the growth of poorly and highly metastatic murine melanoma cells. 1990

D L Mooradian, and A F Purchio, and L T Furcht

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.

We have examined the effects of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on the growth of paired murine melanoma cell clones that differ with respect to their experimental metastatic potential. Neither poorly (clone 16) nor highly (clone M2) metastatic cells were capable of anchorage-independent growth in 0.3% agar/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the absence of serum. However, both clones were capable of anchorage-independent growth in 0.3% agar/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% calf serum. Colony formation in the presence of 10% calf serum was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by TGF-beta 1 (half-maximal dose, 0.1 ng/ml) and was 5- to 10-fold greater than colony formation in the presence of 10% calf serum alone. Under anchorage-dependent (monolayer) conditions, neither clone grew in the absence of serum or in medium containing less than 1% calf serum. The monolayer growth of poorly metastatic cells (clone 16) was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner by TGF-beta 1 in medium supplemented with calf serum. Growth was 3.5-fold and 2.3-fold greater than untreated controls after 5 days in submitogenic (0.5%) and mitogenic (10%) concentrations of calf serum, respectively. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 had no effect on the monolayer growth of highly metastatic cells (clone M2) either in submitogenic (0.5%) or mitogenic (10%) concentrations of serum. TGF-beta 1 did not directly stimulate DNA synthesis by either poorly or highly metastatic cells when measured 24 h after TGF-beta 1 treatment. The ability of TGF-beta 1 to stimulate the anchorage-independent growth of metastatic melanoma cells suggests that this potent growth factor may play a role in the growth of these cells in vivo. In addition, the differential sensitivity of poorly and highly metastatic cells to TGF-beta 1 may be relevant to their metastatic potential in vivo. While the mechanism(s) by which TGF-beta 1 stimulates the growth of these cells remains unknown, these differentially metastatic clones of the K-1735 murine melanoma should provide a useful model in which to study the effects of transforming growth factor beta on the metastatic phenotype.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008545	Melanoma	A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	Malignant Melanoma,Malignant Melanomas,Melanoma, Malignant,Melanomas,Melanomas, Malignant
D009362	Neoplasm Metastasis	The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	Metastase,Metastasis,Metastases, Neoplasm,Metastasis, Neoplasm,Neoplasm Metastases,Metastases
D002455	Cell Division	The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.	M Phase,Cell Division Phase,Cell Divisions,Division Phase, Cell,Division, Cell,Divisions, Cell,M Phases,Phase, Cell Division,Phase, M,Phases, M
D003470	Culture Media	Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.	Media, Culture
D004273	DNA, Neoplasm	DNA present in neoplastic tissue.	Neoplasm DNA
D004815	Epidermal Growth Factor	A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	EGF,Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone,Urogastrone,Human Urinary Gastric Inhibitor,beta-Urogastrone,Growth Factor, Epidermal,Growth Factor-Urogastrone, Epidermal,beta Urogastrone
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014407	Tumor Cells, Cultured	Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.	Cultured Tumor Cells,Neoplastic Cells, Cultured,Cultured Neoplastic Cells,Cell, Cultured Neoplastic,Cell, Cultured Tumor,Cells, Cultured Neoplastic,Cells, Cultured Tumor,Cultured Neoplastic Cell,Cultured Tumor Cell,Neoplastic Cell, Cultured,Tumor Cell, Cultured
D015291	Transforming Growth Factors	Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.	Transforming Growth Factor,Factor, Transforming Growth,Factors, Transforming Growth,Growth Factor, Transforming,Growth Factors, Transforming
D051379	Mice	The common name for the genus Mus.	Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus