Racial differences between blacks and whites with systemic sclerosis. 2012

Richard M Silver, and Galina Bogatkevich, and Elena Tourkina, and Paul J Nietert, and Stanley Hoffman
Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA. silverr@musc.edu

OBJECTIVE Racial disparities appear to exist in the susceptibility and severity of systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) and are responsible for a greater health burden in blacks as compared with whites. Disparities in socioeconomic status and access to healthcare do not sufficiently explain the observed differences in prevalence and mortality. It is important to determine whether there might be a biologic basis for the racial disparities observed in SSc. RESULTS We present data to suggest that the increased susceptibility and severity of SSc in blacks may result in part from an imbalance of profibrotic and antifibrotic factors. Racial differences in the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and caveolin-1, as well as differences in the expression of hepatocyte growth factor and PPAR-γ, have been demonstrated in blacks with SSc, as well as in normal black individuals. A genetic predisposition to fibrosis may account for much of the racial disparities between black and white patients with SSc. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of the biologic basis for the racial disparities observed in SSc may lead to improved therapies, along with the recognition that different therapies may need to be adapted for different groups of patients.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D001741 Black or African American A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa (https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/1997/10/30/97-28653/revisions-to-the-standards-for-the classification-of-federal-data-on-race-and-ethnicity). In the United States it is used for classification of federal government data on race and ethnicity. Race and ethnicity terms are self-identified social construct and may include terms outdated and offensive in MeSH to assist users who are interested in retrieving comprehensive search results for studies such as in longitudinal studies. African American,African Americans,African-American,Afro-American,Afro-Americans,Black Americans,Blacks,Negroes,African-Americans,Negro,Afro American,Afro Americans,American, African,American, Black,Black American
D004198 Disease Susceptibility A constitution or condition of the body which makes the tissues react in special ways to certain extrinsic stimuli and thus tends to make the individual more than usually susceptible to certain diseases. Diathesis,Susceptibility, Disease,Diatheses,Disease Susceptibilities,Susceptibilities, Disease
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012595 Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. Sclerosis, Systemic,Systemic Scleroderma,Systemic Sclerosis
D017228 Hepatocyte Growth Factor Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET. Hepatopoietin,Hepatopoietin A,Scatter Factor,Factor, Hepatocyte Growth,Factor, Scatter,Growth Factor, Hepatocyte
D044465 White People Persons having origins in any of the white racial groups of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Note that OMB category WHITE is available for the United States population groups. Race and ethnicity terms, as used in the federal government, are self-identified social construct and may include terms outdated and offensive in MeSH to assist users who are interested in retrieving comprehensive search results for studies such as in longitudinal studies. European Continental Ancestry Group,White Person,Caucasian Race,Caucasoid Race,Caucasian Races,Caucasoid Races,People, White,Person, White,Race, Caucasian,Race, Caucasoid,White Peoples,White Persons
D047495 PPAR gamma A nuclear transcription factor. Heterodimerization with RETINOID X RECEPTOR ALPHA is important in regulation of GLUCOSE metabolism and CELL GROWTH PROCESSES. It is a target of THIAZOLIDINEDIONES for control of DIABETES MELLITUS. PPARgamma,PPARgamma2,PPARgamma3,Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma,Thiazolidinedione Receptor,mPPARgamma1,mPPARgamma2,Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma,Receptor, Thiazolidinedione
D051242 Caveolin 1 A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Caveolin-1,VIP21 Protein,Vesicular Integral Membrane Protein 21 kDa,alpha-Caveolin,beta-Caveolin,alpha Caveolin,beta Caveolin
D053773 Transforming Growth Factor beta1 A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME. TGF-beta1,Transforming Growth Factor-beta1,TGF-beta-1,TGF-beta1 Latency-Associated Protein,TGF-beta1LAP,Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 Latency Associated Peptide,Transforming Growth Factor beta I,Latency-Associated Protein, TGF-beta1,TGF beta 1,TGF beta1 Latency Associated Protein,TGF beta1LAP
D054624 Health Status Disparities Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between population groups defined by various factors including socioeconomic characteristics (see SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN HEALTH), age, ethnicity, economic resources, or gender and populations identified geographically or similar measures. Health Status Disparity,Disparity, Health Status

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