The possible presence of neural sprouting in the afferent neurons of regenerated rat liver after hepatectomy was investigated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. This experiment was carried out to see if the increase in hepatic parenchyma could provide an adequate stimulus for the sprouting process. The study was limited to the vagal afferents, particularly the left ones, because they are the principal contributors to hepatic afferent innervation in the rat. The results show that neural sprouting does not occur in regenerated rat liver after 3 weeks. In fact, the number of intensely labeled neurons in the left nodose ganglia of hepatectomized rats was significantly smaller than in controls. This could be due to a lessened availability of horseradish peroxidase to nerve terminals because of the increased non-innervated hepatic mass. There was no difference between right nodose ganglia neurons in hepatectomized and control animals. This could be a consequence of their possible distribution in hepatic areas not involved in the regenerative process.