Biomaterial Database

Pulmonary effects of ultrafine coal fly ash inhaled by guinea pigs. 1990

L C Chen, and H F Lam, and E J Kim, and J Guty, and M O Amdur

Department of Applied Biological Sciences Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.

Guinea pigs were exposed to ultrafine coal fly ash produced in a laboratory furnace. The average mass median aerodynamic diameter and the average mass concentration of Illinois no. 6 fly ash produced in all exposure conditions were 0.21 microns and 5.8 mg/m3, respectively. In guinea pigs exposed to Illinois no. 6 fly ash, total lung capacity (TLC), vital capacity (VC), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) were significantly reduced below the control values immediately, 2 h, and 8 h postexposure. The diffusing capacity was still 10% below the control 96 h after exposure. The total sulfate in the Illinois no. 6 fly ash as determined using ion chromatography is 1105 +/- 120 micrograms/m3. Animals exposed to the Montana lignite fly ash at comparable concentration and particle size did not show alteration in diffusing capacity. The data suggest that part of the sulfate present in the fly ash of Illinois no. 6 could be in the form of sulfuric acid and is responsible for the adverse effects observed in the exposed animals. The sulfuric acid in the fly ash of Montana lignite is neutralized by its high alkali content and produces no change in lung functions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D012129	Respiratory Function Tests	Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.	Lung Function Tests,Pulmonary Function Tests,Function Test, Pulmonary,Function Tests, Pulmonary,Pulmonary Function Test,Test, Pulmonary Function,Tests, Pulmonary Function,Function Test, Lung,Function Test, Respiratory,Function Tests, Lung,Function Tests, Respiratory,Lung Function Test,Respiratory Function Test,Test, Lung Function,Test, Respiratory Function,Tests, Lung Function,Tests, Respiratory Function
D002244	Carbon	A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.	Carbon-12,Vitreous Carbon,Carbon 12,Carbon, Vitreous
D003031	Coal	A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.	Anthracite,Bituminous Coal,Brown Coal,Lignite,Lignitious Coal,Peat Coal,Soft Coal,Anthracites,Bituminous Coals,Brown Coals,Coal, Bituminous,Coal, Brown,Coal, Lignitious,Coal, Peat,Coal, Soft,Coals,Coals, Bituminous,Coals, Brown,Coals, Lignitious,Coals, Peat,Coals, Soft,Lignites,Lignitious Coals,Peat Coals,Soft Coals
D006168	Guinea Pigs	A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.	Cavia,Cavia porcellus,Guinea Pig,Pig, Guinea,Pigs, Guinea
D000280	Administration, Inhalation	The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.	Drug Administration, Inhalation,Drug Administration, Respiratory,Drug Aerosol Therapy,Inhalation Drug Administration,Inhalation of Drugs,Respiratory Drug Administration,Aerosol Drug Therapy,Aerosol Therapy, Drug,Drug Therapy, Aerosol,Inhalation Administration,Administration, Inhalation Drug,Administration, Respiratory Drug,Therapy, Aerosol Drug,Therapy, Drug Aerosol
D000403	Airway Resistance	Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.	Airway Resistances,Resistance, Airway,Resistances, Airway
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001273	Atmosphere Exposure Chambers	Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.	Atmosphere Exposure Chamber,Chamber, Atmosphere Exposure,Chambers, Atmosphere Exposure,Exposure Chamber, Atmosphere,Exposure Chambers, Atmosphere
D013458	Sulfur Dioxide	A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	Sulfurous Anhydride