Biomaterial Database

Botulinum toxin injections for cervical dystonia. 1990

J Jankovic, and K Schwartz

Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.

We followed 205 of 232 patients with medically intractable cervical dystonia for at least 3 months and up to 4 years, during which time they received 1,074 injections in 505 visits. One hundred forty-five of the 205 patients (71%) improved substantially (global rating greater than or equal to 2; from 0 = no response to 4 = marked improvement in severity and function) after 1 or more visits. Of the 89 patients who reported pain, 68 (76%) had almost complete relief of their pain. While most patients noted improvement within the 1st week after injection, some had a latency of up to 8.5 weeks. Duration of maximum benefit lasted up to 12.5 months in some, but the average was 11.2 weeks. Only 58 of 205 (28%) patients, seen in 76 of 505 visits (15% of all visits), had complications, primarily mild dysphagia (35 patients) or neck weakness (17 patients). We conclude that botulinum toxin is a safe and effective therapy for most patients with cervical dystonia.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007273	Injections, Intramuscular	Forceful administration into a muscle of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the muscle and any tissue covering it.	Intramuscular Injections,Injection, Intramuscular,Intramuscular Injection
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009132	Muscles	Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.	Muscle Tissue,Muscle,Muscle Tissues,Tissue, Muscle,Tissues, Muscle
D009334	Neck Muscles	The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).	Muscle, Neck,Muscles, Neck,Neck Muscle
D001905	Botulinum Toxins	Toxic proteins produced from the species CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM. The toxins are synthesized as a single peptide chain which is processed into a mature protein consisting of a heavy chain and light chain joined via a disulfide bond. The botulinum toxin light chain is a zinc-dependent protease which is released from the heavy chain upon ENDOCYTOSIS into PRESYNAPTIC NERVE ENDINGS. Once inside the cell the botulinum toxin light chain cleaves specific SNARE proteins which are essential for secretion of ACETYLCHOLINE by SYNAPTIC VESICLES. This inhibition of acetylcholine release results in muscular PARALYSIS.	Botulin,Botulinum Neurotoxin,Botulinum Neurotoxins,Clostridium botulinum Toxins,Botulinum Toxin,Neurotoxin, Botulinum,Neurotoxins, Botulinum,Toxin, Botulinum,Toxins, Botulinum,Toxins, Clostridium botulinum
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004421	Dystonia	An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	Muscle Dystonia,Dystonia, Diurnal,Dystonia, Limb,Dystonia, Paroxysmal,Diurnal Dystonia,Dystonia, Muscle,Limb Dystonia,Paroxysmal Dystonia
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man