Although orbital degrees of freedom are a factor of fundamental importance in strongly correlated transition-metal compounds, orbital correlations and dynamics remain very difficult to access, in particular by neutron scattering. Via a direct calculation of scattering amplitudes we show that instead magnetic resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) does reveal orbital correlations. In contrast to neutron scattering, the intensity of the magnetic excitations in RIXS depends very sensitively on the symmetry of the orbitals that spins occupy and on photon polarizations. We show in detail how this effect allows magnetic RIXS to distinguish between alternating orbital-ordered and ferro-orbital (or orbital liquid) states.