Biomaterial Database

Serum small-dense LDL abnormalities in chronic renal disease patients. 2012

M Chu, and A Y M Wang, and I H S Chan, and S H Chui, and C W K Lam

Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the principal cause of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Dyslipoproteinaemia is a common metabolic derangement in CKD and a traditional risk factor for CVD. This study investigates serum lipoprotein, especially small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL), abnormalities in CKD patients. A total of 131 CKD patients (age: 59 +/- 12 years, male = 64) diagnosed according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, 2004 (KDIGO) and 121 age- and gender-matched control subjects (age: 58 +/- 6 years, male = 62) were recruited from Hong Kong and Macau. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and direct LDL-C were assayed enzymatically. In addition, sd-LDL, together with very low density and intermediate-density lipoproteins (VLDL and IDL) were measured by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. Compared to controls, CKD patients showed significantly decreased TC, LDL-C, normal-size LDL and HDL-C with increased TG, VLDL, IDL and sd-LDL (all P < 0.01). The increased sd-LDL and decreased normal-size LDL fractions resulted in a significantly elevated sd-LDL:LDL ratio in CKD (P < 0.005). In contrast to the low TC and LDL-C, sd-LDL and sd-LDL:LDL ratio were significantly elevated in CKD. Thus, sd-LDL will be used increasingly for CVD risk assessment in CKD and other diseases that show lipoprotein derangement.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D008077	Lipoproteins, LDL	A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.	Low-Density Lipoprotein,Low-Density Lipoproteins,beta-Lipoprotein,beta-Lipoproteins,LDL(1),LDL(2),LDL-1,LDL-2,LDL1,LDL2,Low-Density Lipoprotein 1,Low-Density Lipoprotein 2,LDL Lipoproteins,Lipoprotein, Low-Density,Lipoproteins, Low-Density,Low Density Lipoprotein,Low Density Lipoprotein 1,Low Density Lipoprotein 2,Low Density Lipoproteins,beta Lipoprotein,beta Lipoproteins
D008256	Macau	Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China since December 20, 1999 with its own constitution. The island of Macau and adjacent islands are located off the southeast coast of China.	Macao
D008297	Male		Males
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D002318	Cardiovascular Diseases	Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	Adverse Cardiac Event,Cardiac Events,Major Adverse Cardiac Events,Adverse Cardiac Events,Cardiac Event,Cardiac Event, Adverse,Cardiac Events, Adverse,Cardiovascular Disease,Disease, Cardiovascular,Event, Cardiac
D005260	Female		Females
D006723	Hong Kong	The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.	Kowloon,New Territories,Hongkong
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults