Biomaterial Database

Regulation of mammalian cell differentiation by long non-coding RNAs. 2012

Wenqian Hu, and Juan R Alvarez-Dominguez, and Harvey F Lodish

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.

Differentiation of specialized cell types from stem and progenitor cells is tightly regulated at several levels, both during development and during somatic tissue homeostasis. Many long non-coding RNAs have been recognized as an additional layer of regulation in the specification of cellular identities; these non-coding species can modulate gene-expression programmes in various biological contexts through diverse mechanisms at the transcriptional, translational or messenger RNA stability levels. Here, we summarize findings that implicate long non-coding RNAs in the control of mammalian cell differentiation. We focus on several representative differentiation systems and discuss how specific long non-coding RNAs contribute to the regulation of mammalian development.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008322	Mammals	Warm-blooded vertebrate animals belonging to the class Mammalia, including all that possess hair and suckle their young.	Mammalia,Mammal
D002454	Cell Differentiation	Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.	Differentiation, Cell,Cell Differentiations,Differentiations, Cell
D005801	Genes, Homeobox	Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.	Genes, Homeotic,Homeobox Sequence,Homeotic Genes,Genes, Homeo Box,Homeo Box,Homeo Box Sequence,Homeo Boxes,Homeobox,Homeoboxes,Hox Genes,Sequence, Homeo Box,Gene, Homeo Box,Gene, Homeobox,Gene, Homeotic,Gene, Hox,Genes, Hox,Homeo Box Gene,Homeo Box Genes,Homeo Box Sequences,Homeobox Gene,Homeobox Genes,Homeobox Sequences,Homeotic Gene,Hox Gene,Sequence, Homeobox,Sequences, Homeo Box,Sequences, Homeobox
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D053595	Embryonic Stem Cells	Cells derived from the BLASTOCYST INNER CELL MASS which forms before implantation in the uterine wall. They retain the ability to divide, proliferate and provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.	Stem Cells, Embryonic,Cell, Embryonic Stem,Cells, Embryonic Stem,Embryonic Stem Cell,Stem Cell, Embryonic
D057026	Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells	Cells from adult organisms that have been reprogrammed into a pluripotential state similar to that of EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS.	Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell,IPS Cell,IPS Cells,Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell,Fibroblast-Derived IPS Cells,Fibroblast-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,hiPSC,Cell, Fibroblast-Derived IPS,Cell, IPS,Cells, Fibroblast-Derived IPS,Cells, IPS,Fibroblast Derived IPS Cells,Fibroblast Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells,Fibroblast-Derived IPS Cell,IPS Cell, Fibroblast-Derived,IPS Cells, Fibroblast-Derived
D062085	RNA, Long Noncoding	A class of untranslated RNA molecules that are typically greater than 200 nucleotides in length and do not code for proteins. Members of this class have been found to play roles in transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional processing, CHROMATIN REMODELING, and in the epigenetic control of chromatin.	LincRNA,RNA, Long Untranslated,LINC RNA,LincRNAs,Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA,Long Non-Coding RNA,Long Non-Protein-Coding RNA,Long Noncoding RNA,Long ncRNA,Long ncRNAs,RNA, Long Non-Translated,lncRNA,Long Intergenic Non Protein Coding RNA,Long Non Coding RNA,Long Non Protein Coding RNA,Long Non-Translated RNA,Long Untranslated RNA,Non-Coding RNA, Long,Non-Protein-Coding RNA, Long,Non-Translated RNA, Long,Noncoding RNA, Long,RNA, Long Non Translated,RNA, Long Non-Coding,RNA, Long Non-Protein-Coding,Untranslated RNA, Long,ncRNA, Long,ncRNAs, Long
D018507	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.	Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic