The discovery of new safe and effective pesticides is one of the main means of providing eco-friendly agricultural agents for modern crop protection. To identify new biological molecules based of the anthranilic diamide skeleton of the novel pesticide chlorantraniliprole, which acts on the ryanodine receptor and functional groups in acyl hydrazine insect growth regulators, more than 40 new compounds of 2-acylamino-substituted N'-benzylbenzohydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the new compounds were characterized using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), or electron impact mass spectrometry (EI-MS), and their biological activities at a concentration of 600 mg L(-1) were determined against cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover), carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus), and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). The results of a preliminary assay showed that compounds 6a-I-2 and 6d-III-4 maintained the lethal activity of anthranilic diamide against P. xylostella; compounds 6c-II-4, 6d-I-7, 6d-II-1, and 6d-III-5 exhibited good lethal activity against A. gossypii; and compounds 6a-II-1, 6a-III-1, 6b-I-7, 6c-I-1, and 6c-III-5 retained promising larvicidal activities against T. cinnabarinus. In subsequent further tests against T. cinnabarinus, compounds 6a-II-1, 6a-III-1, 6c-I-1, and 6c-III-5 showed an LC(50) value of <90 mg L(-1); especially, the LC(50) of compound 6a-III-1 was only 27.9 mg L(-1). In conclusion, the introduction of the functional fragment-substituted acyl hydrazine improved the acaricidal activity of the anthranilic diamide skeleton, and the halogen atom at X position and the methyl group at R(1) play crucial roles in the biological activities of the compounds.