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OBJECTIVE Pencil grasps other than the dynamic tripod may be functional for handwriting. This study examined the impact of grasp on handwriting speed and legibility. METHODS We videotaped 120 typically developing fourth-grade students while they performed a writing task. We categorized the grasps they used and evaluated their writing for speed and legibility using a handwriting assessment. Using linear regression analysis, we examined the relationship between grasp and handwriting. RESULTS We documented six categories of pencil grasp: four mature grasp patterns, one immature grasp pattern, and one alternating grasp pattern. Multiple linear regression results revealed no significant effect for mature grasp on either legibility or speed. CONCLUSIONS Pencil grasp patterns did not influence handwriting speed or legibility in this sample of typically developing children. This finding adds to the mounting body of evidence that alternative grasps may be acceptable for fast and legible handwriting.
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
January 2001,
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
February 2018,
Journal of physical therapy science,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
January 2003,
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
October 2016,
Journal of physical therapy science,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
January 2016,
The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
September 1976,
The Medical journal of Australia,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
June 2022,
Hong Kong journal of occupational therapy : HKJOT,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
August 2011,
Human movement science,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
June 2001,
Scottish medical journal,
Heidi Schwellnus, and
Heather Carnahan, and
Azadeh Kushki, and
Helene Polatajko, and
Cheryl Missiuna, and
Tom Chau
February 2011,
Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics,
