Advances in photodynamic therapy assisted by electroporation. 2013

Malgorzata Kotulska, and Julita Kulbacka, and Jolanta Saczko
Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation, Wroclaw University of Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland. malgorzata.kotulska@pwr.wroc.pl

Low invasive therapies of cancer are directed toward the methods that target selectively on carcinoma cells. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality in which combination of a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen renders reactive oxygen species (ROS) which cause damage to a tumor tissue. Each of these factors is not toxic in itself and the effect of therapy results from high uptake of a photosensitizer by carcinoma cells and directed tumor irradiation by light. Realization of the therapy depends on efficient transport of the photosensitizer across the membrane and intracellular accumulation of the drug. Depending on the treatment conditions and the uptake mechanism, sensitizers can potentially reach different intracellular concentrations and different cellular effects can be triggered. Transport efficacy can be significantly augmented by applying electric pulses to plasma membrane, which opens transient non-selective hydrophilic nanopores as additional pathways across lipid membranes. Electroporation (EP) has been utilized to facilitate drug uptake in electrochemotherapy (ECT) and has been tested in combination with PDT. In the review, we described effects of PDT and electrophotodynamic therapy (EPDT) on carcinoma and healthy cells, studied in vitro and vivo. The comparison of different drugs has been applied to tests considering the enhancement of their cytotoxicity, selectivity, and additional effects caused by electroporation.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009369 Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. Benign Neoplasm,Cancer,Malignant Neoplasm,Tumor,Tumors,Benign Neoplasms,Malignancy,Malignant Neoplasms,Neoplasia,Neoplasm,Neoplasms, Benign,Cancers,Malignancies,Neoplasias,Neoplasm, Benign,Neoplasm, Malignant,Neoplasms, Malignant
D010778 Photochemotherapy Therapy using oral or topical photosensitizing agents with subsequent exposure to light. Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy,Photodynamic Therapy,Red Light PDT,Red Light Photodynamic Therapy,Therapy, Photodynamic,Light PDT, Red,PDT, Red Light,Photochemotherapies,Photodynamic Therapies,Therapies, Photodynamic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D017319 Photosensitizing Agents Drugs that are pharmacologically inactive but when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or sunlight are converted to their active metabolite to produce a beneficial reaction affecting the diseased tissue. These compounds can be administered topically or systemically and have been used therapeutically to treat psoriasis and various types of neoplasms. Photosensitizer,Photosensitizers,Photosensitizing Agent,Photosensitizing Effect,Photosensitizing Effects,Agent, Photosensitizing,Agents, Photosensitizing,Effect, Photosensitizing,Effects, Photosensitizing
D045663 Quantum Dots Nanometer sized fragments of semiconductor crystalline material which emit PHOTONS. The wavelength is based on the quantum confinement size of the dot. They can be embedded in MICROBEADS for high throughput ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. Nanocrystals, Semiconductor,Semiconductor Nanocrystals,Semiconductor Nanoparticles,Dot, Quantum,Dots, Quantum,Nanocrystal, Semiconductor,Nanoparticle, Semiconductor,Nanoparticles, Semiconductor,Quantum Dot,Semiconductor Nanocrystal,Semiconductor Nanoparticle
D053672 Electrochemotherapy A cancer treatment modality that uses pulsed electrical currents to permeabilize cell membranes (ELECTROPORATION) and thereby enhance the uptake of chemotherapeutic agents into the body's cells. Electrochemotherapies

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