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The pentacyclic triterpenoids in herbal medicines and their pharmacological activities in diabetes and diabetic complications. 2013

A Alqahtani, and K Hamid, and A Kam, and K H Wong, and Z Abdelhak, and V Razmovski-Naumovski, and K Chan, and K M Li, and P W Groundwater, and G Q Li
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

Pentacyclic triterpenoids including the oleanane, ursane and lupane groups are widely distributed in many medicinal plants, such as Glycyrrhiza species, Gymnema species, Centella asiatica, Camellia sinensis, Crataegus species and Olea europaea, which are commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications. A large number of bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as oleanolic acid, glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, ursolic acid, betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol have shown multiple biological activities with apparent effects on glucose absorption, glucose uptake, insulin secretion, diabetic vascular dysfunction, retinopathy and nephropathy. The versatility of the pentacyclic triterpenes provides a promising approach for diabetes management.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010946 Plants, Medicinal Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals. Herbs, Medicinal,Medicinal Herbs,Healing Plants,Medicinal Plants,Pharmaceutical Plants,Healing Plant,Herb, Medicinal,Medicinal Herb,Medicinal Plant,Pharmaceutical Plant,Plant, Healing,Plant, Medicinal,Plant, Pharmaceutical,Plants, Healing,Plants, Pharmaceutical
D003920 Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013329 Structure-Activity Relationship The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups. Relationship, Structure-Activity,Relationships, Structure-Activity,Structure Activity Relationship,Structure-Activity Relationships
D014315 Triterpenes A class of terpenes (the general formula C30H48) formed by the condensation of six isoprene units, equivalent to three terpene units. Triterpene,Triterpenoid,Triterpenoids
D048909 Diabetes Complications Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE. Complications of Diabetes Mellitus,Diabetes-Related Complications,Diabetic Complications,Diabetes Complication,Diabetes Mellitus Complication,Diabetes Mellitus Complications,Diabetes Related Complications,Diabetes-Related Complication,Diabetic Complication
D029001 Herbal Medicine The study of medicines derived from botanical sources. Herbalism,Medicine, Herbal,Hawaiian Herbal Medicine,La au Lapa au,La'au Lapa'au,Laau Lapaau,Herbal Medicine, Hawaiian,Medicine, Hawaiian Herbal

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