Exercise and bone mineral density in men: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 2013

G A Kelley, and K S Kelley, and W M Kohrt
School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA. gkelley@hsc.wvu.edu

OBJECTIVE Use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of ground and/or joint reaction force exercise on femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in men. METHODS Randomized controlled exercise trials ≥ 24 weeks were included. Standardized effect sizes (g) were calculated and pooled using random-effects models, z-score alpha values and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was examined using Q and I(2). Statistical significance was set at a two-tailed alpha value (p) of ≤ 0.05 and a trend at >0.05 to ≤ 0.10. RESULTS A moderate and statistically significant improvement was found at the FN (3 g's, 187 participants, g=0.583, 95% CI=0.031, 1.135, p=0.04, Q=5.6, p=0.06, I(2)=64%) while a small trend was observed at the LS (5 g's, 275 participants, g=0.190, 95% CI=-0.036, 0.416, p=0.10, Q=3.0, p=0.55, I(2)=0%). Results were sensitive to influence analysis as well as collapsing multiple groups from the same studies so that only one g represented each study. CONCLUSIONS There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend ground and/or joint reaction force exercise for improving and/or maintaining FN and LS BMD in men. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed before any final recommendations can be formulated.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008159 Lumbar Vertebrae VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE. Vertebrae, Lumbar
D008297 Male Males
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D005272 Femur Neck The constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. Femoral Neck,Neck, Femoral,Neck, Femur
D006615 Hip The projecting part on each side of the body, formed by the side of the pelvis and the top portion of the femur. Coxa,Coxas,Hips
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D015444 Exercise Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure. Aerobic Exercise,Exercise, Aerobic,Exercise, Isometric,Exercise, Physical,Isometric Exercise,Physical Activity,Acute Exercise,Exercise Training,Activities, Physical,Activity, Physical,Acute Exercises,Aerobic Exercises,Exercise Trainings,Exercise, Acute,Exercises,Exercises, Acute,Exercises, Aerobic,Exercises, Isometric,Exercises, Physical,Isometric Exercises,Physical Activities,Physical Exercise,Physical Exercises,Training, Exercise,Trainings, Exercise
D015519 Bone Density The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS. Bone Mineral Content,Bone Mineral Density,Bone Densities,Bone Mineral Contents,Bone Mineral Densities,Density, Bone,Density, Bone Mineral

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