Biomaterial Database

Beta and electron dose calculations to skin due to contamination by common nuclear medicine radionuclides. 1990

E L McGuire, and G V Dalrymple

John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital, Little Rock, AR.

We present dose calculations to the basal cell layer of the epidermis resulting from skin contamination by radionuclides used in nuclear medicine. Dose calculations were made using the computer code VARSKIN, as modified by us to include these radionuclides and to account for their monoenergetic electron emissions. Results indicate that basal skin doses (taken to be at a depth of 0.007 cm) are approximately 1 cGy h-1 per 3.7 X 10(-4) Bq cm-2 (1 rad h-1 per muCi cm-2) from 99mTc, 111In and 201Tl, implying that established limits may be approached under certain circumstances. The implication of these results for small areas of contamination is also discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009683	Nuclear Medicine	A specialty field of radiology concerned with diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative use of radioactive compounds.	Atomic Medicine,Nuclear Radiology,Medicine, Atomic,Medicine, Nuclear,Radiology, Nuclear
D011829	Radiation Dosage	The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).	Sievert Units,Dosage, Radiation,Gray Units,Gy Radiation,Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent,Dosages, Radiation,Radiation Dosages,Units, Gray,Units, Sievert
D011868	Radioisotopes	Isotopes that exhibit radioactivity and undergo radioactive decay. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Daughter Isotope,Daughter Nuclide,Radioactive Isotope,Radioactive Isotopes,Radiogenic Isotope,Radioisotope,Radionuclide,Radionuclides,Daughter Nuclides,Daugter Isotopes,Radiogenic Isotopes,Isotope, Daughter,Isotope, Radioactive,Isotope, Radiogenic,Isotopes, Daugter,Isotopes, Radioactive,Isotopes, Radiogenic,Nuclide, Daughter,Nuclides, Daughter
D004583	Electrons	Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.	Fast Electrons,Negatrons,Positrons,Electron,Electron, Fast,Electrons, Fast,Fast Electron,Negatron,Positron
D006225	Hand	The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.	Hands
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000062	Accidents, Occupational	Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.	Accidents, Industrial,Industrial Accidents,Occupational Accidents,Accident, Industrial,Accident, Occupational,Industrial Accident,Occupational Accident
D001610	Beta Particles	High energy POSITRONS or ELECTRONS ejected from a disintegrating atomic nucleus.	Beta Rays,Beta Radiation,Radiation, Beta,Beta Particle,Beta Radiations,Beta Ray,Particle, Beta,Particles, Beta,Radiations, Beta,Ray, Beta,Rays, Beta
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D013667	Technetium	The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m	Technetium 99m,99m, Technetium