Biomaterial Database

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak and management of intracranial pressure. 2013

Zachary M Soler, and Rodney J Schlosser

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea without a clear etiology are known as spontaneous CSF leaks. Spontaneous CSF leaks most commonly occur in the ethmoid skull base or lateral sphenoid and rarely stop without surgical intervention. This chapter reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. Specific attention will be given to endoscopic methods of repair and the importance of idiopathic intracranial hypertension as a possible comorbidity and contributing factor.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007427	Intracranial Pressure	Pressure within the cranial cavity. It is influenced by brain mass, the circulatory system, CSF dynamics, and skull rigidity.	Intracerebral Pressure,Subarachnoid Pressure,Intracerebral Pressures,Intracranial Pressures,Pressure, Intracerebral,Pressure, Intracranial,Pressure, Subarachnoid,Pressures, Intracerebral,Pressures, Intracranial,Pressures, Subarachnoid,Subarachnoid Pressures
D002559	Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea	Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Common etiologies include trauma, neoplasms, and prior surgery, although the condition may occur spontaneously. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997 Apr;116(4):442-9)	Cerebrospinal Rhinorrhea,CSF Rhinorrhea,Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Post-Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Spontaneous,Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Traumatic,Post-Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea,Post-Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Post-Traumatic,Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Spontaneous,Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Traumatic,Rhinorrhea, Post-Traumatic, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Rhinorrhea, Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid,Rhinorrhea, Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid,Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea,Spontaneous Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea,Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid,CSF Rhinorrheas,Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea, Post Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrheas,Cerebrospinal Rhinorrheas,Post Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea,Post Traumatic Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Rhinorrhea, CSF,Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal,Rhinorrhea, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Rhinorrheas, CSF,Rhinorrheas, Cerebrospinal,Rhinorrheas, Cerebrospinal Fluid
D004724	Endoscopy	Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.	Endoscopic Surgical Procedures,Surgical Procedures, Endoscopic,Endoscopic Surgical Procedure,Endoscopy, Surgical,Surgical Endoscopy,Surgical Procedure, Endoscopic,Procedure, Endoscopic Surgical,Procedures, Endoscopic Surgical
D005005	Ethmoid Sinus	The numerous (6-12) small thin-walled spaces or air cells in the ETHMOID BONE located between the eyes. These air cells form an ethmoidal labyrinth.	Bulla Ethmoidalis,Ethmoid Bulla,Ethmoid Sinuses,Ethmoidal Air Cells,Haller Cell,Infraorbital Ethmoid Cell,Onodi Air Cell,Sphenoethmoidal Air Cell,Air Cell, Ethmoidal,Air Cell, Onodi,Bulla Ethmoidali,Bulla, Ethmoid,Cell, Ethmoidal Air,Cell, Haller,Cell, Infraorbital Ethmoid,Cell, Sphenoethmoidal Air,Ethmoid Cell, Infraorbital,Ethmoid Sinuse,Ethmoidal Air Cell,Infraorbital Ethmoid Cells,Sinus, Ethmoid,Sphenoethmoidal Air Cells
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D013101	Sphenoid Sinus	One of the paired air spaces located in the body of the SPHENOID BONE behind the ETHMOID BONE in the middle of the skull. Sphenoid sinus communicates with the posterosuperior part of NASAL CAVITY on the same side.	Sinus, Sphenoid
D017287	Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt	Surgical creation of a communication between a cerebral ventricle and the peritoneum by means of a plastic tube to permit drainage of cerebrospinal fluid for relief of hydrocephalus. (From Dorland, 28th ed)	Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunt,Shunt, Ventriculo-peritoneal,Shunt, Ventriculoperitoneal,Shunts, Ventriculo-peritoneal,Shunts, Ventriculoperitoneal,Ventriculo peritoneal Shunt,Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunts,Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts
D019585	Intracranial Hypotension	Reduction of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID pressure characterized clinically by ORTHOSTATIC HEADACHE and occasionally by an ABDUCENS NERVE PALSY; HEARING LOSS; NAUSEA; neck stiffness, and other symptoms. This condition may be spontaneous or secondary to CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEAK; SPINAL PUNCTURE; NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; DEHYDRATION; UREMIA; trauma (see also CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA); and other processes. Chronic hypotension may be associated with subdural hematomas (see HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL) or hygromas. (From Semin Neurol 1996 Mar;16(1):5-10; Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp637-8)	Intracranial Hypotension, Essential,Intracranial Hypotension, Secondary,Intracranial Hypotension, Spontaneous,CSF Hypovolemia,Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemia,CSF Hypovolemias,Cerebrospinal Fluid Hypovolemias,Essential Intracranial Hypotension,Fluid Hypovolemia, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Hypovolemias, Cerebrospinal,Hypotension, Essential Intracranial,Hypotension, Intracranial,Hypotension, Secondary Intracranial,Hypotension, Spontaneous Intracranial,Hypovolemia, CSF,Hypovolemia, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Hypovolemias, CSF,Hypovolemias, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Secondary Intracranial Hypotension,Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension
D065634	Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak	Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through a hole through the skull bone most commonly draining from the nose (CEREBROSPINAL FLUID RHINORRHEA) or the ear (CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OTORRHEA).	Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage,Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage, Post-Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage, Spontaneous,Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage, Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Post-Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Spontaneous,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Post-Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Spontaneous,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Traumatic,Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak,Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Post-Traumatic,Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Spontaneous,Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage, Post Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainages,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Post Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage, Post Traumatic,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakages,Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks,Drainage, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Drainages, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Fluid Drainage, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Drainages, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Leak, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Leakage, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Leakages, Cerebrospinal,Fluid Leaks, Cerebrospinal,Leak, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Leakage, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Leakages, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Leaks, Cerebrospinal Fluid,Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak, Post Traumatic