Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 2013

G Tilahun, and N Tiao, and L R Ferreira, and S Choudhary, and S Oliveira, and S K Verma, and O C H Kwok, and B Molla, and W J A Saville, and G Medhin, and T Kassa, and H Aleme, and W A Gebreyes, and C Su, and J P Dubey
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) is a good indicator of the environmental contamination with oocysts because chickens become infected mainly by feeding from ground, feed, or soil contaminated with oocysts. The seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies in 125 free-range chickens from the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the modified agglutination test; 48 of 125 (38.4%) chickens were seropositive, with titers of 1:5 in 14, 1:10 in 12, 1:20 in 14, 1: 40 in 3, 1: 80 in 1, 1:160 in 1, 1:320 in 1, and ≥1:640 in 2 chickens. The hearts of 115 chickens were bioassayed for T. gondii infection. Hearts of 72 seronegative (modified agglutination test [MAT] < 1:5) chickens were pooled in 4 groups (20 + 18 + 19 + 15) and fed to 4 T. gondii -free cats; none of these 4 cats shed oocysts in their feces examined 3-21 days after feeding chicken tissues. Hearts of 43 seropositive chickens (MAT ≥ 1:5) were bioassayed individually in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from only 1 chicken, with a MAT titer of 1:80. This isolate was designated TgCKEt1 and was not pathogenic for outbred mice. Restricted fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping using 10 loci indicated the TgCKEt1 was ToxoDB polymerase chain reaction-RFLP genotype #1 (Type II clonal). Results of this study indicate very low environmental contamination with T. gondii oocysts around Addis Ababa.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011201 Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. Disease, Poultry,Diseases, Poultry,Poultry Disease
D002415 Cats The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801) Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D002522 Chlorocebus aethiops A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research. African Green Monkey,Cercopithecus aethiops,Cercopithecus griseoviridis,Cercopithecus griseus,Cercopithecus pygerythrus,Cercopithecus sabeus,Cercopithecus tantalus,Chlorocebus cynosuros,Chlorocebus cynosurus,Chlorocebus pygerythrus,Green Monkey,Grivet Monkey,Lasiopyga weidholzi,Malbrouck,Malbrouck Monkey,Monkey, African Green,Monkey, Green,Monkey, Grivet,Monkey, Vervet,Savanah Monkey,Vervet Monkey,Savannah Monkey,African Green Monkey,Chlorocebus cynosuro,Green Monkey, African,Green Monkeys,Grivet Monkeys,Malbrouck Monkeys,Malbroucks,Monkey, Malbrouck,Monkey, Savanah,Monkey, Savannah,Savannah Monkeys,Vervet Monkeys
D002645 Chickens Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA. Gallus gallus,Gallus domesticus,Gallus gallus domesticus,Chicken
D005002 Ethiopia An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
D005243 Feces Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
D006321 Heart The hollow, muscular organ that maintains the circulation of the blood. Hearts
D000372 Agglutination Tests Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed) Agglutination Test,Test, Agglutination,Tests, Agglutination
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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