OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects and clinical safety of a natural hypolipidemic compound, coenzyme A (CoA) capsule, in Chinese patients with moderate dyslipidemia. METHODS A total of 244 subjects (170 males and 74 females; aged 18-75 y) having moderate dyslipidemia (triglyceride [TG], 2.3-6.5 mmol · L(-1)) were randomly divided into 3 groups, to which placebo (group A, n = 81), CoA 200 U/d (group B, n = 79), and CoA 400 U/d (group C, n = 84) were administered, respectively. Blood lipoproteins, liver and renal functions, blood glucose, and complete blood count were measured at the baseline and after 4 or 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS After treatment for 4 weeks, TG was reduced by 5.1, 15.7, and 14.4% in groups A, B, and C, respectively. After treatment for 8 weeks, TG decreased .9, 21.7, and 36.1%, respectively. Compared with group A, the primary efficacy outcome TG in groups B and C significantly decreased (P < .01), and the difference between groups B and C was also significant (P < .01). Plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly different. Furthermore, there was no difference in blood glucose, hepatic and renal function test parameters, incidence of myopathy, or gastrointestinal tract symptoms among the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS CoA can effectively reduce plasma TG levels in subjects with moderate dyslipidemia and has no obvious adverse effect.