Env gene expression of human endogenous retrovirus-k and human endogenous retrovirus-w in childhood acute leukemia cells. 2013

Danuta Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska, and Karina Nowicka, and Jolanta Rembowska, and Marta Fichna, and Magda Żurawek, and Katarzyna Derwich, and Jerzy Nowak
Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL–60-479 Poznan, Poland. janusz@man.poznan.pl

BACKGROUND The etiopathogenesis of childhood leukemia is not fully understood. It is suggested that endogenous viral sequences may play a role in leukemogenesis. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute about 8% of the human genome. Most HERVs are dysfunctional because of numerous mutations and deletions. Some HERVs, however, contain sequences capable of transcription. In patients with leukemia, the presence of antibodies against HERV-K has been identified, which could suggest increased expression of HERV-K in leukemic cells. To elucidate the role of endogenous retroviruses in leukemogenesis, studies were undertaken to assess env gene expression of HERV-K and HERV-W in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). RESULTS This study was performed in 170 children with ALL, 38 subjects with AML, and 30 healthy subjects. Expression of the env gene of HERV-K and HERV-W and the control gene ACTB was studied by real-time PCR using specific oligonucleotide primers and SYBR Green marker. Env gene expression was assessed on the basis of the absolute threshold-Ct, as well as normalized against ACTB expression and double normalized expression relative to ACTB and reference cells - normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Env gene expression of HERV-K normalized against ACTB, as well as double normalized expression relative to ACTB and normal PBL, was significantly higher only in AML. There were no statistically significant differences in env gene expression of HERV-W normalized to ACTB in ALL and AML as compared to normal PBL. CONCLUSIONS High normalized expression of the env gene of HERV-K in AML strongly suggests a possible contribution of this gene in the pathogenesis of AML.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008214 Lymphocytes White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS. Lymphoid Cells,Cell, Lymphoid,Cells, Lymphoid,Lymphocyte,Lymphoid Cell
D001853 Bone Marrow The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells. Marrow,Red Marrow,Yellow Marrow,Marrow, Bone,Marrow, Red,Marrow, Yellow
D002648 Child A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL. Children
D005838 Genotype The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS. Genogroup,Genogroups,Genotypes
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000199 Actins Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle. F-Actin,G-Actin,Actin,Isoactin,N-Actin,alpha-Actin,alpha-Isoactin,beta-Actin,gamma-Actin,F Actin,G Actin,N Actin,alpha Actin,alpha Isoactin,beta Actin,gamma Actin
D015470 Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. Leukemia, Myelogenous, Acute,Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute,Myeloid Leukemia, Acute,Nonlymphocytic Leukemia, Acute,ANLL,Acute Myelogenous Leukemia,Acute Myeloid Leukemia,Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Maturation,Acute Myeloid Leukemia without Maturation,Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous,Leukemia, Acute Myeloid,Leukemia, Myeloblastic, Acute,Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M1,Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M2,Leukemia, Nonlymphoblastic, Acute,Myeloblastic Leukemia, Acute,Myelocytic Leukemia, Acute,Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute,Myeloid Leukemia, Acute, M1,Myeloid Leukemia, Acute, M2,Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute,Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia,Acute Myeloblastic Leukemias,Acute Myelocytic Leukemia,Acute Myelocytic Leukemias,Acute Myelogenous Leukemias,Acute Myeloid Leukemias,Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemia,Acute Nonlymphoblastic Leukemias,Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia,Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemias,Leukemia, Acute Myeloblastic,Leukemia, Acute Myelocytic,Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphoblastic,Leukemia, Acute Nonlymphocytic,Leukemias, Acute Myeloblastic,Leukemias, Acute Myelocytic,Leukemias, Acute Myelogenous,Leukemias, Acute Myeloid,Leukemias, Acute Nonlymphoblastic,Leukemias, Acute Nonlymphocytic,Myeloblastic Leukemias, Acute,Myelocytic Leukemias, Acute,Myelogenous Leukemias, Acute,Myeloid Leukemias, Acute,Nonlymphoblastic Leukemias, Acute,Nonlymphocytic Leukemias, Acute
D015686 Gene Products, env Retroviral proteins, often glycosylated, coded by the envelope (env) gene. They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. env Gene Products,env Polyproteins,env Protein,env Antigens,env Glycoproteins,env Polyprotein,Antigens, env,Polyprotein, env,Polyproteins, env
D015972 Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue. Neoplastic Gene Expression Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression, Neoplastic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Neoplastic
D020077 Endogenous Retroviruses Retroviruses that have integrated into the germline (PROVIRUSES) that have lost infectious capability but retained the capability to transpose. ERV,ERVs,Endogenous Retrovirus,HERV,HERVs,Human Endogenous Retrovirus,Human Endogenous Retroviruses,Retroviruses, Endogenous,Endogenous Retrovirus, Human,Endogenous Retroviruses, Human,Retrovirus, Endogenous,Retrovirus, Human Endogenous,Retroviruses, Human Endogenous

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