Synthetically tractable click hydrogels for three-dimensional cell culture formed using tetrazine-norbornene chemistry. 2013

Daniel L Alge, and Malar A Azagarsamy, and Dillon F Donohue, and Kristi S Anseth
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the BioFrontiers Institute, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

The implementation of bio-orthogonal click chemistries is a topic of growing importance in the field of biomaterials, as it is enabling the development of increasingly complex hydrogel materials capable of providing dynamic, cell-instructive microenvironments. Here, we introduce the tetrazine-norbornene inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction as a new cross-linking chemistry for the formation of cell laden hydrogels. The fast reaction rate and irreversible nature of this click reaction allowed for hydrogel formation within minutes when a multifunctional PEG-tetrazine macromer was reacted with a dinorbornene peptide. In addition, the cytocompatibility of the polymerization led to high postencapsulation viability of human mesenchymal stem cells, and the specificity of the tetrazine-norbornene reaction was exploited for sequential modification of the network via thiol-ene photochemistry. These advantages, combined with the synthetic accessibility of the tetrazine molecule compared to other bio-orthogonal click reagents, make this cross-linking chemistry an interesting and powerful new tool for the development of cell-instructive hydrogels for tissue engineering applications.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009636 Norbornanes Compounds that include or are derivatives of norbornane(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane). Norbornane Derivatives,Norbornene Derivatives,Norbornenes,Norcamphanes,Derivatives, Norbornane,Derivatives, Norbornene
D003432 Cross-Linking Reagents Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other. Bifunctional Reagent,Bifunctional Reagents,Cross Linking Reagent,Crosslinking Reagent,Cross Linking Reagents,Crosslinking Reagents,Linking Reagent, Cross,Linking Reagents, Cross,Reagent, Bifunctional,Reagent, Cross Linking,Reagent, Crosslinking,Reagents, Bifunctional,Reagents, Cross Linking,Reagents, Cross-Linking,Reagents, Crosslinking
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001672 Biocompatible Materials Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function. Biomaterials,Bioartificial Materials,Hemocompatible Materials,Bioartificial Material,Biocompatible Material,Biomaterial,Hemocompatible Material,Material, Bioartificial,Material, Biocompatible,Material, Hemocompatible
D049109 Cell Proliferation All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION. Cell Growth in Number,Cellular Proliferation,Cell Multiplication,Cell Number Growth,Growth, Cell Number,Multiplication, Cell,Number Growth, Cell,Proliferation, Cell,Proliferation, Cellular
D057930 Click Chemistry Organic chemistry methodology that mimics the modular nature of various biosynthetic processes. It uses highly reliable and selective reactions designed to "click" i.e., rapidly join small modular units together in high yield, without offensive byproducts. In combination with COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES, it is used for the synthesis of new compounds and combinatorial libraries. Click Chemical Reactions,Click Chemical Techniques,Chemical Reaction, Click,Chemical Reactions, Click,Chemical Technique, Click,Chemical Techniques, Click,Chemistries, Click,Chemistry, Click,Click Chemical Reaction,Click Chemical Technique,Click Chemistries,Reaction, Click Chemical,Reactions, Click Chemical,Technique, Click Chemical,Techniques, Click Chemical
D059630 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mesenchymal stem cells, also referred to as multipotent stromal cells or mesenchymal stromal cells are multipotent, non-hematopoietic adult stem cells that are present in multiple tissues, including BONE MARROW; ADIPOSE TISSUE; and WHARTON JELLY. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into mesodermal lineages, such as adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrocytic. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cell,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell,Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose-Derived,Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, Multipotent,Multipotent Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Stem Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton Jelly Cells,Wharton's Jelly Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell,Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells,Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Adipose Derived,Progenitor Cell, Mesenchymal,Progenitor Cells, Mesenchymal,Stem Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cell, Mesenchymal,Stromal Cells, Mesenchymal,Wharton's Jelly Cell,Whartons Jelly Cells
D018929 Cell Culture Techniques Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro. Cell Culture,Cell Culture Technique,Cell Cultures,Culture Technique, Cell,Culture Techniques, Cell
D020100 Hydrogels Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Hydrogel,In Situ Hydrogel,In Situ Hydrogels,Patterned Hydrogel,Patterned Hydrogels,Hydrogel, In Situ,Hydrogel, Patterned
D023822 Tissue Engineering Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures. Engineering, Tissue

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