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Prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 by quantitatively pyrosequencing heterozygotes using amniotic fluid as starting material of PCR. 2013

Hui Ye, and Haiping Wu, and Huan Huang, and Yunlong Liu, and Bingjie Zou, and Lizhou Sun, and Guohua Zhou
Department of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.

Allelic ratio of an SNP has been used for prenatal diagnosis of fetal trisomy 21 by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Because MALDI-TOF MS is challenging in quantification performance, pyrosequencing was proposed to replace MS by better quantification of allelic ratios. To achieve a simple and rapid clinical diagnostic, PCR with "HpH Buffer" (a buffer with a high pH) was developed to directly amplify amniotic fluid. By the established assay, 114 samples of amniotic fluid were analyzed by pyrosequencing five SNPs of each sample; the allelic ratios of euploid heterozygotes were thus calculated to determine the cut-off values for prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21. The panel of five SNPs were high in heterozygosity so that at least one heterozygote was found in each sample, and 86% of the samples had at least two heterozygotes, giving a nearly 100% sensitivity (population coverage) of the assay. By using the cut-off values of each SNP, 20 pre-diagnosed clinical samples were detected as trisomy 21 carriers with a confidence level over 99%, indicating that our method and karyotyping analysis were consistent in results. In conclusion, this pyrosequencing-based approach, coupled with direct amplification of amniotic fluid, is accurate in quantitative genotyping and simple in operation. We believe that the approach could be a promising alternative to karyotyping analysis in prenatal diagnosis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007621 Karyotyping Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell. Karyotype Analysis Methods,Analysis Method, Karyotype,Analysis Methods, Karyotype,Karyotype Analysis Method,Karyotypings,Method, Karyotype Analysis,Methods, Karyotype Analysis
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011296 Prenatal Diagnosis Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth. Diagnosis, Prenatal,Fetal Diagnosis,Fetal Imaging,Fetal Screening,Intrauterine Diagnosis,Antenatal Diagnosis,Antenatal Screening,Diagnosis, Antenatal,Diagnosis, Intrauterine,Prenatal Screening,Antenatal Diagnoses,Antenatal Screenings,Diagnosis, Fetal,Fetal Diagnoses,Fetal Imagings,Fetal Screenings,Imaging, Fetal,Intrauterine Diagnoses,Prenatal Diagnoses,Prenatal Screenings,Screening, Antenatal,Screening, Fetal,Screening, Prenatal
D002891 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. Chromosome 21
D004314 Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra CHROMOSOME 21 or an effective TRISOMY for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include HYPOTONIA, short stature, BRACHYCEPHALY, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, single transverse palmar crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213) Mongolism,Trisomy 21,47,XX,+21,47,XY,+21,Down Syndrome, Partial Trisomy 21,Down's Syndrome,Partial Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome,Trisomy 21, Meiotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy 21, Mitotic Nondisjunction,Trisomy G,Downs Syndrome,Syndrome, Down,Syndrome, Down's
D005260 Female Females
D005838 Genotype The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS. Genogroup,Genogroups,Genotypes
D006579 Heterozygote An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character. Carriers, Genetic,Genetic Carriers,Carrier, Genetic,Genetic Carrier,Heterozygotes
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000653 Amniotic Fluid A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS). Amniotic Fluid Index,Amniotic Fluid Indices,Amniotic Fluids,Fluid Index, Amniotic,Fluid Indices, Amniotic,Fluid, Amniotic,Fluids, Amniotic,Index, Amniotic Fluid,Indices, Amniotic Fluid

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