Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with micro-solid phase extraction of antidepressant drugs from environmental water samples. 2013

Dandan Ge, and Hian Kee Lee
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.

Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with micro-solid phase extraction (IL-DLLME-μ-SPE), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in water samples. Two hundred microliters of an organic solvent (as disperser solvent) and 20 μl of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate were injected into a 5.0 ml sample for sonication-assisted DLLME. After this, a μ-SPE device, containing a novel material zeolite imidazolate framework 4 (ZIF-4), was added into the sample solution and 1 min of vortex-assisted extraction was performed. After 5 min of sonication-assisted desorption, 10 μl of desorption solvent was injected into a HPLC system for analysis. A characteristic property of DLLME-VA-μ-SPE is that any organic solvent and solid sorbent immiscible with water can be used. Special apparatus, or conical-bottom test tubes, and tedious procedures conventionally associated with DLLME such as centrifugation, or refrigeration of solvent are not necessary in the present approach. A novel material, ZIF-4 was employed as μ-SPE sorbent. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear in the range of 1-1000 μg/L. The relative standard deviations and the limits of detection were in the range of 1.5% and 7.8% and 0.3 and 1 μg/L, respectively. The relative recoveries of canal water samples, spiked with drugs, were in the range of 94.3% and 114.7%. The results showed that IL-DLLME-μ-SPE was suitable for the determination of TCAs in water samples.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D005618 Fresh Water Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES. Freshwater,Fresh Waters,Freshwaters,Water, Fresh,Waters, Fresh
D000928 Antidepressive Agents Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems. Antidepressant,Antidepressant Drug,Antidepressant Medication,Antidepressants,Antidepressive Agent,Thymoanaleptic,Thymoanaleptics,Thymoleptic,Thymoleptics,Antidepressant Drugs,Agent, Antidepressive,Drug, Antidepressant,Medication, Antidepressant
D012965 Sodium Chloride A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food. Sodium Chloride, (22)Na,Sodium Chloride, (24)NaCl
D012972 Sodium Hydroxide A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Caustic Soda,Hydroxide, Sodium,Soda, Caustic
D012997 Solvents Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solvent
D013010 Sonication The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids. Sonications
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014874 Water Pollutants, Chemical Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water. Chemical Water Pollutants,Landfill Leachate,Leachate, Landfill,Pollutants, Chemical Water
D015203 Reproducibility of Results The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results. Reliability and Validity,Reliability of Result,Reproducibility Of Result,Reproducibility of Finding,Validity of Result,Validity of Results,Face Validity,Reliability (Epidemiology),Reliability of Results,Reproducibility of Findings,Test-Retest Reliability,Validity (Epidemiology),Finding Reproducibilities,Finding Reproducibility,Of Result, Reproducibility,Of Results, Reproducibility,Reliabilities, Test-Retest,Reliability, Test-Retest,Result Reliabilities,Result Reliability,Result Validities,Result Validity,Result, Reproducibility Of,Results, Reproducibility Of,Test Retest Reliability,Validity and Reliability,Validity, Face

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