Studies were conducted on the depolymerization of polyadenylic acid (poly (A)) by RNAse A (EC 3.1.4.22) depending on the pH (pH 5-8). The results showed that depending on the pH, the ratio Vmax/Km was analogous to that described earlier for nucleoside-2', 3'-cyclophosphates and dinucleoside phosphates. This indicates that depolymerization of poly (A), transesterification and hydrolysis of specific substrates is achieved by the same ionizing groups of the enzyme with pKa 5.4 and pKb 6.4. The rate of degradation of poly (A) is also influenced by the state of adenine ionization, the protonation of which leads to the formation of a double helical poly (A), and does not serve as a substrate for RNAse A. The low rate for the depolymerization of poly (A) in the presence of RNAse A is related to a decrease in the turnover number of the enzyme, and an increase in the molecular weight of the enzyme (RNAse dimer), leads to a decrease in the Km, and does not effect Vmax. This indicates that the rate of depolymerization of polynucleotides is determined by orientation of factors. On the basis of the comparison of the resultant kinetic data, and the structure of the enzyme inhibitory complexes of RNAse S, which were studied by the method of x-ray structural analysis, a conclusion was reached on the kinetic characteristics of RNAse A specificity with respect to polymeric substrates, which is determined by the orinetation of the ribose phosphate relative to the catalytic groups of the active site.