The experience gained by the performance of 2249 allogenic transplantations of the kidneys is presented. Direct correlations between the systematic dialysis, successful transplantation and the follow-up of patients operated on are explained. Discussing the reasons for the procedure limitations, the author emphasizes the importance of clinical ones. Though in 1988 17.5 surgeries were performed per million people, the real need was 21-24 operations. HLA-A-B-DR typing and the reduction of cryotherapeutic time are found to be mandatory. Due to cyclosporin A and ATH serum usage the number of adequately functioning transplants reached 54 per cent a year after and 73 per cent three years after the operation. Discussing the danger of cytomegaloviral infection for the recipients the author considers the methods of its prevention and treatment. Main scientific and research trends in the field of renal transplantation in the GDR are observed.