A total of 25 patients with essential hypertension received a hyponatrium, hypocaloric antisclerotic diet providing 800 mg Ca and 1100 mg P/day, during 18-20 days. As a result of the dietotherapy, Ca concentration in the patients' blood serum rose from 9.9 +/- 0.2 to 10.4 +/- 0.1 mg/100 ml (p = 0.02), total cholesterol level was lowered from 6.58 +/- 0.43 to 5.42 +/- 0.3 mmol/l (p less than 0.05), Na+ and K+ distribution between the blood plasma and red blood cells was improved, and the arterial blood pressure was normalized in all the patients investigated. It dropped from 162 +/- 3.8/102 +/- 1.8 mm Hg before the treatment to 129 +/- 2.1/83.4 +/- 2.2 mm Hg after the treatment. Additional intake of 850 mg Ca/day, as CaCO3, decreased parathormone level in the blood serum from 0.40 +/- 0.03 to 0.23 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), intensified the hypolipidemic effect of the ration, and did not influence the degree of arterial blood pressure reduction under the action of this ration. Optimization of Ca consumption plays an important role in the combined dietotherapy of essential hypertension.