Effects of supplemental prepartum feeding and limited suckling on postpartum reproductive performance of milked Nili-Ravi water buffaloes were examined in two 2 x 2 factorial experiments. Prepartum feeding was either moderate (metabolizable energy = 32 Mcal/d) or high (46 Mcal/d) in Experiment 1 and high (46 Mcal/d) or very high (51 Mcal/d) in Experiment 2. Nutritional treatment was initiated about 75 d prior to calving and stopped at parturition. Half of the buffaloes were suckled by their calves twice daily (2 min at each milking) until second estrus. Prepartum feeding did not influence any trait measured in either experiment. Postpartum intervals to uterine involution, resumption of follicular development, first rise in milk progesterone, first palpable corpus luteum, and first estrus were longer for limited-suckled buffaloes than for those that were only milked. Most buffaloes (86%) showed at least one short luteal phase (8 to 13 d) before first estrus. Number of rises of progesterone before first estrus was greater for limited- suckled buffaloes in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 1. Luteal activity after first estrus (15 to 19 d) and pregnancy rate to insemination at second estrus (average 50%) did not differ with limited suckling. In conclusion, postpartum anestrus of water buffaloes can be shortened by weaning calves at birth, regardless of supplemental feeding prepartum.