Biomaterial Database

The low-temperature luminescence properties of bovine alpha-lactalbumin. 1975

J N Miller, and L A King

The luminescence of bovine alpha-lactalbumin at 77 K has been studied and compared with that of lysozyme. Alpha-Lactalbumin has several unusual properties, including a fluorescence spectrum showing vibrational fine structure, an abnormal phosphorescence spectrum, a high fluorescence: phosphorescence ratio and an abnormal phosphorescence decay. These properties are largely due to the proximity of tryptophan residues to disulphide bonds. Reduction of all these bonds causes considerable changes in alpha-lactalbumin luminescence, as does denaturation in acid solution. Reduction of a single labile disulphide bond has little effect, and the properties of alpha-lactalbumin III, a variant lacking one disulphide bond and one trypotophan residue, are similar to those of the normal protein. Several differences between alpha-lactalbumin and lysozyme are reported. The results support the suggestion that the two tryptophan residues found in the active site cleft of alpha-lactalbumin may be largely responsible for its luminescence.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007768	Lactalbumin	A major protein fraction of milk obtained from the WHEY.	alpha-Lactalbumin,alpha-Lactalbumin A,alpha-Lactalbumin B,alpha-Lactalbumin C,alpha Lactalbumin,alpha Lactalbumin A,alpha Lactalbumin B,alpha Lactalbumin C
D008163	Luminescent Measurements	Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.	Bioluminescence Measurements,Bioluminescent Assays,Bioluminescent Measurements,Chemiluminescence Measurements,Chemiluminescent Assays,Chemiluminescent Measurements,Chemoluminescence Measurements,Luminescence Measurements,Luminescent Assays,Luminescent Techniques,Phosphorescence Measurements,Phosphorescent Assays,Phosphorescent Measurements,Assay, Bioluminescent,Assay, Chemiluminescent,Assay, Luminescent,Assay, Phosphorescent,Assays, Bioluminescent,Assays, Chemiluminescent,Assays, Luminescent,Assays, Phosphorescent,Bioluminescence Measurement,Bioluminescent Assay,Bioluminescent Measurement,Chemiluminescence Measurement,Chemiluminescent Assay,Chemiluminescent Measurement,Chemoluminescence Measurement,Luminescence Measurement,Luminescent Assay,Luminescent Measurement,Luminescent Technique,Measurement, Bioluminescence,Measurement, Bioluminescent,Measurement, Chemiluminescence,Measurement, Chemiluminescent,Measurement, Chemoluminescence,Measurement, Luminescence,Measurement, Luminescent,Measurement, Phosphorescence,Measurement, Phosphorescent,Measurements, Bioluminescence,Measurements, Bioluminescent,Measurements, Chemiluminescence,Measurements, Chemiluminescent,Measurements, Chemoluminescence,Measurements, Luminescence,Measurements, Luminescent,Measurements, Phosphorescence,Measurements, Phosphorescent,Phosphorescence Measurement,Phosphorescent Assay,Phosphorescent Measurement,Technique, Luminescent,Techniques, Luminescent
D009113	Muramidase	A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	Lysozyme,Leftose,N-Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase,Glycanhydrolase, N-Acetylmuramide,N Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase
D010084	Oxidation-Reduction	A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).	Redox,Oxidation Reduction
D002417	Cattle	Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.	Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D002850	Chromatography, Gel	Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.	Chromatography, Exclusion,Chromatography, Gel Permeation,Chromatography, Molecular Sieve,Gel Filtration,Gel Filtration Chromatography,Chromatography, Size Exclusion,Exclusion Chromatography,Gel Chromatography,Gel Permeation Chromatography,Molecular Sieve Chromatography,Chromatography, Gel Filtration,Exclusion Chromatography, Size,Filtration Chromatography, Gel,Filtration, Gel,Sieve Chromatography, Molecular,Size Exclusion Chromatography
D003080	Cold Temperature	An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.	Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D004220	Disulfides	Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.	Disulfide
D005453	Fluorescence	The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.
D006863	Hydrogen-Ion Concentration	The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH	pH,Concentration, Hydrogen-Ion,Concentrations, Hydrogen-Ion,Hydrogen Ion Concentration,Hydrogen-Ion Concentrations