Impact of antiretroviral therapy on bone metabolism markers in HIV-seropositive patients. 2013

Erika Grasiela Marques de Menezes, and Francisco Jose Albuquerque de Paula, and Alcyone Artioli Machado, and Francisco de Assis Pereira, and Fernando Barbosa Júnior, and Anderson Marliere Navarro
Rodovia Araraquara - Jaú Km 1, Cep: 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: erikagmm7@yahoo.com.br.

To evaluate the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on bone and mineral metabolism and to determine the occurrence of osteopenia and/or osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients taking ART or not. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 HIV-seropositive adult men treated with or not treated with ART. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed and biochemical analyses of the following markers were carried out: FSH, LH, testosterone, total calcium, phosphorus (Pi), magnesium (Mg), albumin, 24h calcium, creatinine, urea, parathormone (PTH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D), osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD). The participants were divided into two groups according to ART use or not: Group A, 10 treatment-naive subjects; Group B, ART use for >2years, subdivided into: Group B1, 10 subjects treated with protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside/nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and Group B2, 10 subjects treated with NRTIs and non-nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs); and Group C, subjects treated with ART <2years, subdivided into: Group C1, 10 subjects treated with PIs and NRTIs and Group C2, 10 subjects treated with NRTIs and NNRTIs. The values of the bone formation marker, osteocalcin, were normal in all groups, whereas urinary DPD values were increased in all groups. Whole body DXA revealed a higher percentage of osteopenia (80%) in Group B2. Lumbar spine DXA showed osteoporosis in Groups A and B1 (10%) and total femur DXA in Group B2 (10%). The increased bone reabsorption marker indicated a high reabsorptive activity of bone tissue. These data indicate a greater osteoclastic activity in bone loss in HIV-infected patients on ART.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010024 Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. Age-Related Osteoporosis,Bone Loss, Age-Related,Osteoporosis, Age-Related,Osteoporosis, Post-Traumatic,Osteoporosis, Senile,Senile Osteoporosis,Osteoporosis, Involutional,Age Related Osteoporosis,Age-Related Bone Loss,Age-Related Bone Losses,Age-Related Osteoporoses,Bone Loss, Age Related,Bone Losses, Age-Related,Osteoporoses,Osteoporoses, Age-Related,Osteoporoses, Senile,Osteoporosis, Age Related,Osteoporosis, Post Traumatic,Post-Traumatic Osteoporoses,Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis,Senile Osteoporoses
D001823 Body Composition The relative amounts of various components in the body, such as percentage of body fat. Body Compositions,Composition, Body,Compositions, Body
D001851 Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE. Low Bone Density,Low Bone Mineral Density,Osteopenia,Metabolic Bone Diseases,Bone Density, Low,Bone Disease, Metabolic,Low Bone Densities,Metabolic Bone Disease,Osteopenias
D002118 Calcium A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D003430 Cross-Sectional Studies Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time. Disease Frequency Surveys,Prevalence Studies,Analysis, Cross-Sectional,Cross Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Survey,Surveys, Disease Frequency,Analyses, Cross Sectional,Analyses, Cross-Sectional,Analysis, Cross Sectional,Cross Sectional Analyses,Cross Sectional Studies,Cross Sectional Survey,Cross-Sectional Analyses,Cross-Sectional Analysis,Cross-Sectional Study,Cross-Sectional Surveys,Disease Frequency Survey,Prevalence Study,Studies, Cross-Sectional,Studies, Prevalence,Study, Cross-Sectional,Study, Prevalence,Survey, Cross-Sectional,Survey, Disease Frequency,Surveys, Cross-Sectional
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D015502 Absorptiometry, Photon A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION. Absorptiometry, X-Ray,Dual-Photon Absorptiometry,Photodensitometry, X-Ray,Photon Absorptiometry,Single-Photon Absorptiometry,X-Ray Absorptiometry,Absorptiometry, Dual X-Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy Radiographic,Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy X-Ray,DEXA Scan,DPX Absorptiometry,DXA Scan,Densitometry, X-Ray,Densitometry, Xray,Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy Radiographic Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry,Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan,Radiographic Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy,X-Ray Absorptiometry, Dual-Energy,X-Ray Photodensitometry,Absorptiometries, DPX,Absorptiometry, DPX,Absorptiometry, Dual Energy Radiographic,Absorptiometry, Dual Energy X Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual X Ray,Absorptiometry, Dual-Photon,Absorptiometry, Single-Photon,Absorptiometry, X Ray,DEXA Scans,DXA Scans,Densitometry, X Ray,Dual Energy Radiographic Absorptiometry,Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry,Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry Scan,Dual Photon Absorptiometry,Dual X Ray Absorptiometry,Photodensitometry, X Ray,Radiographic Absorptiometry, Dual Energy,Scan, DEXA,Scan, DXA,Scans, DEXA,Scans, DXA,Single Photon Absorptiometry,X Ray Absorptiometry,X Ray Absorptiometry, Dual Energy,X Ray Photodensitometry,X-Ray Absorptiometry, Dual,X-Ray Densitometry,Xray Densitometry
D015519 Bone Density The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS. Bone Mineral Content,Bone Mineral Density,Bone Densities,Bone Mineral Contents,Bone Mineral Densities,Density, Bone,Density, Bone Mineral

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