[Sensitivity of various study technics in blood stains]. 1990

R Förster, and W Bruder
Kriminaltechnischen Institut, Landeskriminalamtes, Baden-Württemberg, Stuttgart.

Quadratic pieces of fleece measuring 16 mm2 were soaked with 10 different blood-samples in the dilution steps of 1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000, respectively, and were tested in blood group typing and identification tests of forensic serology. The above spezified dilutions correspond with 5 microliters, 0.5 microliter, 0.05 microliter and 0.005 microliter of blood, respectively. The detection limit of the microspectrometric test for blood was the dilution 1:10, of the porphyrine test a dilution above 1:100, whereas the preliminary test for blood (peroxidase) succeeded always up to a dilution of 1:1000 and the species determination by the radial immunodiffusion test in agar gels succeeded in most cases op to a dilution of 1:1000. The detection limit of the anti-human globulin inhibition test was between the dilution steps 1:10 and 1:100 when non-titrated and undiluted anti-human globulin serum was used. Gc- and ABO-grouping were possible up to a dilution of 1:100 and were thus the most sensitive grouping systems. Phenotyping of the enzyme-systems and the Gm/Km-system usually required stains with considerably higher blood concentrations i.e. stains of undiluted blood.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007126 Immunoglobulin Allotypes Allelic variants of the immunoglobulin light chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) or heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENES. Allotypes, Immunoglobulin,Allotypic Antibodies,Antibodies, Allotypic,Ig Allotypes,Allotype, Ig,Allotype, Immunoglobulin,Allotypes, Ig,Allotypic Antibody,Antibody, Allotypic,Ig Allotype,Immunoglobulin Allotype
D007129 Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes Allelic variants of the gamma-immunoglobulin heavy chain (IMMUNOGLOBULIN GAMMA-CHAINS) encoded by ALLELES of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. Allotypes, Immunoglobulin Gm,Gm Allotypes,Ig Gm Allotypes,Allotype, Gm,Allotype, Ig Gm,Allotype, Immunoglobulin Gm,Allotypes, Gm,Allotypes, Ig Gm,Gm Allotype,Gm Allotype, Ig,Gm Allotype, Immunoglobulin,Gm Allotypes, Ig,Gm Allotypes, Immunoglobulin,Ig Gm Allotype,Immunoglobulin Gm Allotype
D007527 Isoenzymes Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics. Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D011110 Polymorphism, Genetic The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level. Gene Polymorphism,Genetic Polymorphism,Polymorphism (Genetics),Genetic Polymorphisms,Gene Polymorphisms,Polymorphism, Gene,Polymorphisms (Genetics),Polymorphisms, Gene,Polymorphisms, Genetic
D001788 Blood Grouping and Crossmatching Testing erythrocytes to determine presence or absence of blood-group antigens, testing of serum to determine the presence or absence of antibodies to these antigens, and selecting biocompatible blood by crossmatching samples from the donor against samples from the recipient. Crossmatching is performed prior to transfusion. Blood Typing,Crossmatching, Blood,Blood Grouping,Blood Crossmatching,Grouping, Blood,Typing, Blood
D001798 Blood Proteins Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins. Blood Protein,Plasma Protein,Plasma Proteins,Serum Protein,Serum Proteins,Protein, Blood,Protein, Plasma,Protein, Serum,Proteins, Blood,Proteins, Plasma,Proteins, Serum
D001801 Blood Stains Antigenic characteristics and DNA fingerprint patterns identified from blood stains. Their primary value is in criminal cases. Blood Stain,Stain, Blood,Stains, Blood
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000017 ABO Blood-Group System The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane. ABH Blood Group,ABO Blood Group,ABO Factors,Blood Group H Type 1 Antigen,H Blood Group,H Blood Group System,ABO Blood Group System,Blood Group, ABH,Blood Group, ABO,Blood Group, H,Blood-Group System, ABO,Factors, ABO,System, ABO Blood-Group
D014809 Vitamin D-Binding Protein An alpha-globulin found in the plasma of man and other vertebrates. It is apparently synthesized in the liver and carries vitamin D and its metabolites through the circulation and mediates the response of tissue. It is also known as group-specific component (Gc). Gc subtypes are used to determine specific phenotypes and gene frequencies. These data are employed in the classification of population groups, paternity investigations, and in forensic medicine. Group-Specific Component Globulin,Vitamin D-Binding Globulin,25-HCC-Binding Protein,25-Hydroxycholecalciferol-Binding Protein,25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Binding Protein,Calciferol-Binding Protein,Gc Globulin,Transcalciferin,25 HCC Binding Protein,25 Hydroxycholecalciferol Binding Protein,25 Hydroxyvitamin D Binding Protein,Calciferol Binding Protein,Component Globulin, Group-Specific,Globulin, Gc,Globulin, Group-Specific Component,Globulin, Vitamin D-Binding,Group Specific Component Globulin,Vitamin D Binding Globulin,Vitamin D Binding Protein

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