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Carvacrol ameliorates thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in liver of Wistar rats. 2013

S Nafees, and S T Ahmad, and W Arjumand, and S Rashid, and N Ali, and S Sultana
Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India.

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of carvacrol against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in liver of Wistar rats. In this study, rats were subjected to concomitant prophylactic oral pretreatment of carvacrol (25 and 50 mg kg(-1) body weight (b.w.)) against the hepatotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (300 mg kg(-1) b.w.). Efficacy of carvacrol against the hepatotoxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, histopathological changes, and expressions of inflammation and apoptosis. Carvacrol pretreatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by TAA through a protective mechanism in a dose-dependent manner that involved reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. We found that the protective effect of carvacrol pretreatment is mediated by its inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B activation, Bax and Bcl-2 expression, as well as by restoration of histopathological changes against TAA administration. We may suggest that carvacrol efficiently ameliorates liver injury caused by TAA.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007249 Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D007770 L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist. Lactate Dehydrogenase,Dehydrogenase, L-Lactate,Dehydrogenase, Lactate,L Lactate Dehydrogenase
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008297 Male Males
D005978 Glutathione A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. Reduced Glutathione,gamma-L-Glu-L-Cys-Gly,gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-Cysteinylglycine,Glutathione, Reduced,gamma L Glu L Cys Gly,gamma L Glutamyl L Cysteinylglycine
D005979 Glutathione Peroxidase An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of GLUTATHIONE in the presence of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to yield oxidized glutathione and water. Cytosolic Glutathione Peroxidase,Glutathione Lipoperoxidase,Selenoglutathione Peroxidase,Glutathione Peroxidase, Cytosolic,Lipoperoxidase, Glutathione,Peroxidase, Glutathione,Peroxidase, Selenoglutathione
D005980 Glutathione Reductase Catalyzes the oxidation of GLUTATHIONE to GLUTATHIONE DISULFIDE in the presence of NADP+. Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.4.2. Glutathione-Disulfide Reductase,Reductase, Glutathione,Reductase, Glutathione-Disulfide
D000081007 Cymenes A subclass of monoterpenes that contain a single benzene ring structure with an isopropyl group and one or more methyl groups. Benzenoid Menthane,Benzenoid Menthanes,Cymene,Menthane, Benzenoid,Menthanes, Benzenoid
D000410 Alanine Transaminase An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2. Alanine Aminotransferase,Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase,SGPT,Alanine-2-Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase,Glutamic-Alanine Transaminase,Alanine 2 Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase,Aminotransferase, Alanine,Aminotransferase, Alanine-2-Oxoglutarate,Glutamic Alanine Transaminase,Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase,Transaminase, Alanine,Transaminase, Glutamic-Alanine,Transaminase, Glutamic-Pyruvic
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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