The genome-packaging signal of the influenza A virus genome comprises a genome incorporation signal and a genome-bundling signal. 2013

Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

The influenza A virus genome comprises eight single-stranded negative-sense RNA segments (vRNAs). All eight vRNAs are selectively packaged into each progeny virion via so-called segment-specific genome-packaging signal sequences that are located in the noncoding and terminal coding regions of both the 3' and the 5' ends of the vRNAs. However, it remains unclear how these signals ensure that eight different vRNAs are packaged. Here, by using a reverse genetics system, we demonstrated that, in the absence of the other seven vRNAs, a recombinant NP vRNA bearing only a reporter gene flanked by the noncoding NP regions was incorporated into virus-like particles (VLPs) as efficiently as a recombinant NP vRNA bearing the reporter gene flanked by the complete NP packaging signals (i.e., the noncoding sequences and the terminal coding regions). Viruses that comprised a recombinant NP vRNA whose packaging signal was disrupted, and the remaining seven authentic vRNAs, did not undergo multiple cycles of replication; however, a recombinant NP vRNA with only the noncoding regions was readily incorporated into VLPs, suggesting that the packaging signal as currently defined is not necessarily essential for the packaging of the vRNA in which it resides; rather, it is required for the packaging of the full set of vRNAs. We propose that the 3' and 5' noncoding regions of each vRNA bear a virion incorporation signal for that vRNA and that the terminal coding regions serve as a bundling signal that ensures the incorporation of the complete set of eight vRNAs into the virion.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009980 Influenza A virus The type species of the genus ALPHAINFLUENZAVIRUS that causes influenza and other diseases in humans and animals. Antigenic variation occurs frequently between strains, allowing classification into subtypes and variants. Transmission is usually by aerosol (human and most non-aquatic hosts) or waterborne (ducks). Infected birds shed the virus in their saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae,Avian Orthomyxovirus Type A,FLUAV,Fowl Plague Virus,Human Influenza A Virus,Influenza Virus Type A,Influenza Viruses Type A,Myxovirus influenzae-A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae-A suis,Myxovirus pestis galli,Orthomyxovirus Type A,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Avian,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Human,Orthomyxovirus Type A, Porcine,Pestis galli Myxovirus,Fowl Plague Viruses,Influenza A viruses,Myxovirus influenzae A hominis,Myxovirus influenzae A suis,Myxovirus, Pestis galli,Myxoviruses, Pestis galli,Pestis galli Myxoviruses,Plague Virus, Fowl,Virus, Fowl Plague
D002460 Cell Line Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012367 RNA, Viral Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral RNA
D016679 Genome, Viral The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus. Viral Genome,Genomes, Viral,Viral Genomes
D059386 Reverse Genetics The use of techniques that produce a functional MUTATION or an effect on GENE EXPRESSION of a specific gene of interest in order to identify the role or activity of the gene product of that gene. Genetics, Reverse
D017930 Genes, Reporter Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest. Reporter Genes,Gene, Reporter,Reporter Gene
D019065 Virus Assembly The assembly of VIRAL STRUCTURAL PROTEINS and nucleic acid (VIRAL DNA or VIRAL RNA) to form a VIRUS PARTICLE. Viral Assembly,Assembly, Viral,Assembly, Virus
D020121 5' Untranslated Regions The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences. 5'UTR,Leader Sequences, mRNA,Leader mRNA Sequences,mRNA Leader Sequences,5' UTR,5' UTRs,5' Untranslated Region,5'UTRs,Leader Sequence, mRNA,Leader mRNA Sequence,Region, 5' Untranslated,Regions, 5' Untranslated,Sequence, Leader mRNA,Sequence, mRNA Leader,Sequences, Leader mRNA,Sequences, mRNA Leader,UTR, 5',UTRs, 5',Untranslated Region, 5',Untranslated Regions, 5',mRNA Leader Sequence,mRNA Sequence, Leader,mRNA Sequences, Leader

Related Publications

Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
February 2021, Virology journal,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
February 2010, The Journal of general virology,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
January 2015, Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
August 2003, Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
June 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
July 2002, Journal of virology,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
September 2022, Nucleic acids research,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
August 2020, Nature communications,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
March 2022, Journal of virology,
Hideo Goto, and Yukiko Muramoto, and Takeshi Noda, and Yoshihiro Kawaoka
January 2007, Nucleic acids research,
Copied contents to your clipboard!