BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

Vitreous and Aqueous Penetration of Orally Administered Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination in Humans. 2013

Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
*Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA; †Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; ‡Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA; and §Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.

OBJECTIVE To determine the penetration of orally administered trimethoprim (TMP)-sulfamethoxazole (SMX) into the aqueous and vitreous cavity of noninflamed human eyes. METHODS Nine adult patients undergoing cataract surgery and 10 adult patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy were given 3 doses of oral TMP-SMX every 12 hours before the surgery. Aqueous and blood samples were collected from patients undergoing cataract surgery; vitreous and blood samples were collected from patients undergoing vitrectomy. The levels of TMP and SMX were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and were compared with the mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of potential ocular pathogens. RESULTS TMP-SMX was present in all samples. Among eyes undergoing cataract surgery, the mean concentrations of TMP in aqueous and blood were 0.341 ± 0.141 μg/mL (mean ± SD) and 1.501 ± 0.433 μg/mL and of SMX were 5.259 ± 0.929 μg/mL and 11.835 ± 2.100 μg/mL, respectively. Among eyes undergoing vitrectomy, the mean concentrations of TMP in vitreous and blood were 1.864 ± 0.807 μg/mL and 4.591 ± 2.979 μg/mL and of SMX were 5.910 ± 2.705 μg/mL and 39.289 ± 15.469 μg/mL, respectively. MIC levels were achieved against many bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS TMP-SMX penetrates both the aqueous and vitreous cavities when given orally. The components reach therapeutic inhibitory concentrations in the ocular cavity against many potential pathogens.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008826 Microbial Sensitivity Tests Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses). Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D008875 Middle Aged An adult aged 45 - 64 years. Middle Age
D002387 Cataract Extraction The removal of a cataractous CRYSTALLINE LENS from the eye. Enzymatic Zonulolysis,Phakectomy,Cataract Extractions,Enzymatic Zonulolyses,Extraction, Cataract,Extractions, Cataract,Phakectomies,Zonulolyses, Enzymatic,Zonulolysis, Enzymatic
D002851 Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed. Chromatography, High Performance Liquid,Chromatography, High Speed Liquid,Chromatography, Liquid, High Pressure,HPLC,High Performance Liquid Chromatography,High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC,Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,Chromatography, High-Performance Liquid,High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies,Liquid Chromatography, High-Performance
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000368 Aged A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available. Elderly
D000369 Aged, 80 and over Persons 80 years of age and older. Oldest Old
D000900 Anti-Bacterial Agents Substances that inhibit the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA. Anti-Bacterial Agent,Anti-Bacterial Compound,Anti-Mycobacterial Agent,Antibacterial Agent,Antibiotics,Antimycobacterial Agent,Bacteriocidal Agent,Bacteriocide,Anti-Bacterial Compounds,Anti-Mycobacterial Agents,Antibacterial Agents,Antibiotic,Antimycobacterial Agents,Bacteriocidal Agents,Bacteriocides,Agent, Anti-Bacterial,Agent, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agent, Antibacterial,Agent, Antimycobacterial,Agent, Bacteriocidal,Agents, Anti-Bacterial,Agents, Anti-Mycobacterial,Agents, Antibacterial,Agents, Antimycobacterial,Agents, Bacteriocidal,Anti Bacterial Agent,Anti Bacterial Agents,Anti Bacterial Compound,Anti Bacterial Compounds,Anti Mycobacterial Agent,Anti Mycobacterial Agents,Compound, Anti-Bacterial,Compounds, Anti-Bacterial
D001082 Aqueous Humor The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319) Aqueous Flare,Intraocular Fluid,Aqueous Flares,Aqueous Humors,Flare, Aqueous,Fluid, Intraocular,Fluids, Intraocular,Humor, Aqueous,Humors, Aqueous,Intraocular Fluids

Related Publications

Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered gatifloxacin in humans.
September 2004, Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960),
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered moxifloxacin in humans.
September 2007, Eye (London, England),
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered moxifloxacin in humans.
February 2006, Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960),
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered gatifloxacin in humans.
March 2003, Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960),
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally administered moxifloxacin in humans.
November 2006, Eye (London, England),
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous penetration of orally administered gatifloxacin in humans.
January 2002, Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society,
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Aqueous penetration of orally administered ciprofloxacin in humans.
January 1994, International ophthalmology,
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous and aqueous penetration of orally and topically administered moxifloxacin.
January 2011, Ophthalmic research,
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous penetration of orally administered valacyclovir.
April 2008, American journal of ophthalmology,
Vahid Feiz, and Lisa Nijm, and Randolph D Glickman, and Lawrence S Morse, and David G Telander, and Susanna S Park, and Christopher R Polage, and Steven M Christiansen, and Majid Moshirfar
Vitreous penetration of orally administered famciclovir.
July 2009, American journal of ophthalmology,
Copied contents to your clipboard!