Occupational therapists, with their interest in maximizing functional abilities, are learning that microcomputers offer the capability to assist in almost any aspect of impairment of human activity. Therapists are becoming increasingly familiar with various applications of computer technology to the daily lives and rehabilitation programs of individuals with physical andlor cognitive deficits. Case studies are presented illustrating use of computer-based systems to provide communication augmentation, motor training, cognitive evaluation and training, and expanded recreational options for two individuals with severe motor or cognitive deficits. An approach to assessment and decision-making is described, along with the systems and components used, with examples of their applications.