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What causes alopecia areata? 2013

K J McElwee, and A Gilhar, and D J Tobin, and Y Ramot, and J P Sundberg, and M Nakamura, and M Bertolini, and S Inui, and Y Tokura, and L E King, and B Duque-Estrada, and A Tosti, and A Keren, and S Itami, and Y Shoenfeld, and A Zlotogorski, and R Paus
Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. kmcelwee@mail.ubc.ca

The pathobiology of alopecia areata (AA), one of the most frequent autoimmune diseases and a major unsolved clinical problem, has intrigued dermatologists, hair biologists and immunologists for decades. Simultaneously, both affected patients and the physicians who take care of them are increasingly frustrated that there is still no fully satisfactory treatment. Much of this frustration results from the fact that the pathobiology of AA remains unclear, and no single AA pathogenesis concept can claim to be universally accepted. In fact, some investigators still harbour doubts whether this even is an autoimmune disease, and the relative importance of CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells and NKGD2(+) NK or NKT cells and the exact role of genetic factors in AA pathogenesis remain bones of contention. Also, is AA one disease, a spectrum of distinct disease entities or only a response pattern of normal hair follicles to immunologically mediated damage? During the past decade, substantial progress has been made in basic AA-related research, in the development of new models for translationally relevant AA research and in the identification of new therapeutic agents and targets for future AA management. This calls for a re-evaluation and public debate of currently prevalent AA pathobiology concepts. The present Controversies feature takes on this challenge, hoping to attract more skin biologists, immunologists and professional autoimmunity experts to this biologically fascinating and clinically important model disease.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000506 Alopecia Areata Loss of scalp and body hair involving microscopically inflammatory patchy areas. Alopecia Circumscripta
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001327 Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. Autoimmune Disease,Disease, Autoimmune,Diseases, Autoimmune
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D057170 Translational Research, Biomedical The endeavour to traverse a specific step of the translation process of turning an observation in the laboratory, clinic, or community into an intervention that will improve the health of individuals and the public. (from Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2018 July ; 17(7): 455–456.) Translational Medical Research,Translational Research,Translational Research, Medical,Biomedical Translational Research,Medical Research, Translational,Medical Translational Research,Research, Biomedical Translational,Research, Medical Translational,Research, Translational,Research, Translational Medical
D018448 Models, Immunological Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of immune system, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electrical equipment. Immunological Models,Immunologic Model,Model, Immunologic,Immunologic Models,Immunological Model,Model, Immunological,Models, Immunologic

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