Biomaterial Database

Identification of target cells of a European equine arteritis virus strain in experimentally infected ponies. 2013

S Vairo, and H Favoreel, and A Scagliarini, and H Nauwynck

Laboratory of Virology, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Currently, little is known on the cellular pathogenesis of equine arteritis virus (EAV). The purpose of the present study was to identify the target cells in ponies experimentally inoculated with EAV 08P178 (EU, clade-1). EAV-target organs (respiratory tissues with associated lymphoid tissues and large intestines), collected at 3 and 7 days post inoculation (dpi) and with virus titers≥10(5.0) TCID50/g, were processed with double immunofluorescence staining for the simultaneous detection of EAV N-protein and one of the following cell markers: CD172a (myeloid cells), CD3 (T lymphocytes), IgM (B lymphocytes) and von Willebrand factor (endothelial cells). In the different analyzed organs, 31-58% and 47-63% of the EAV-positive cells were mononuclear leukocytes (mainly CD172a(+) followed by CD3(+)) at 3 and 7 dpi, respectively. EAV-positive endothelial cells were not detected in 3.200 large blood vessels (≥3 endothelial cells/vessel cross section). However, in terminal capillaries (1-2 endothelial cells/vessel cross section) of the different organs, 15-51% of the endothelial cells were EAV-positive. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that EAV 08P178 (i) has a main tropism for CD172a(+) and CD3(+) mononuclear leukocytes and (ii) infects a large number of endothelial cells in terminal capillaries. EAV 08P178 infection in capillaries is most probably the cause of an increased vascular permeability leading to leakage of fluid (edema-serous exudate) but not to severe vasculitis and hemorrhages.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007075	Immunoglobulin M	A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally was called a macroglobulin.	Gamma Globulin, 19S,IgM,IgM Antibody,IgM1,IgM2,19S Gamma Globulin,Antibody, IgM
D007240	Equartevirus	A genus of the family ARTERIVIRIDAE.	Alphaarterivirus,Arteritis Virus, Equine,Infectious Arteritis Virus, Equine,Equine Arteritis Virus,Equine Infectious Arteritis Virus,Infectious Arteritis Virus of Horses,Alphaarteriviruses,Arteritis Viruses, Equine,Equarteviruses,Equine Arteritis Viruses
D007963	Leukocytes, Mononuclear	Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.	Mononuclear Leukocyte,Mononuclear Leukocytes,PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Human Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Leukocyte, Mononuclear
D008297	Male		Males
D011971	Receptors, Immunologic	Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.	Immunologic Receptors,Immunologic Receptor,Immunological Receptors,Receptor, Immunologic,Receptors, Immunological
D005260	Female		Females
D006734	Horse Diseases	Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.	Equine Diseases,Disease, Equine,Disease, Horse,Diseases, Equine,Diseases, Horse,Equine Disease,Horse Disease
D006736	Horses	Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.	Equus caballus,Equus przewalskii,Horse, Domestic,Domestic Horse,Domestic Horses,Horse,Horses, Domestic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013601	T-Lymphocytes	Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.	T Cell,T Lymphocyte,T-Cells,Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes,Cell, T,Cells, T,Lymphocyte, T,Lymphocyte, Thymus-Dependent,Lymphocytes, T,Lymphocytes, Thymus-Dependent,T Cells,T Lymphocytes,T-Cell,T-Lymphocyte,Thymus Dependent Lymphocytes,Thymus-Dependent Lymphocyte