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Equol as a potent radiosensitizer in estrogen receptor-positive and -negative human breast cancer cell lines. 2015

Bita Taghizadeh, and Laleh Ghavami, and Alireza Nikoofar, and Bahram Goliaei
Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, PO Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and diet plays an important role in its prevention and progression. Radiotherapy has a limited but important role in the management of nearly every stage of breast cancer. We studied whether equol, the major metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein, could enhance radiosensitivity in two human breast cancer cell lines (T47D and MDA-MB-231). METHODS MTT assay was used to examine equol's effect on cell viability. Sensitivity of cells to equol, radiation and a combination of both was determined by colonogenic assays. Induction of apoptosis by equol, radiation and the combination of both was also determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining fluorescence microscopy. DNA strand breaks were assessed by Comet assay. RESULTS MTT assay showed that equol (0.1-350 μM) inhibited MDA-MB-231 and T47D cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with equol for 72 h (MDA-MB-231) and 24 h (T47D) was found to inhibit cell growth with IC50 values of 252 μM and 228 μM, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with 50 μM equol for 72 h (MDA-MB-231) and 24 h (T47D) sensitized the cells to irradiation. Equol was also found to enhance radiation-induced apoptosis. Comet assay results showed that the radiosensitizing effect of equol was accompanied by increased radiation-induced DNA damages. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest for the first time that equol can be considered as a radiosensitizing agent and its effects may be due to increasing cell death following irradiation, increasing the remaining radiation-induced DNA damage and thus reducing the surviving fraction of irradiated cells.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011838 Radiation-Sensitizing Agents Drugs used to potentiate the effectiveness of radiation therapy in destroying unwanted cells. Radiation Sensitizer,Radiosensitizing Agent,Radiosensitizing Agents,Agents, Radiation-Sensitizing,Radiation Sensitizers,Radiation Sensitizing Agents,Radiation-Sensitizing Drugs,Radiation-Sensitizing Effect,Radiation-Sensitizing Effects,Radiosensitizing Drugs,Radiosensitizing Effect,Radiosensitizing Effects,Agent, Radiosensitizing,Agents, Radiation Sensitizing,Agents, Radiosensitizing,Drugs, Radiation-Sensitizing,Drugs, Radiosensitizing,Effect, Radiation-Sensitizing,Effect, Radiosensitizing,Effects, Radiation-Sensitizing,Effects, Radiosensitizing,Radiation Sensitizing Drugs,Radiation Sensitizing Effect,Radiation Sensitizing Effects,Sensitizer, Radiation,Sensitizers, Radiation,Sensitizing Agents, Radiation
D011960 Receptors, Estrogen Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important. Estrogen Receptor,Estrogen Receptors,Estrogen Nuclear Receptor,Estrogen Receptor Type I,Estrogen Receptor Type II,Estrogen Receptors Type I,Estrogen Receptors Type II,Receptor, Estrogen Nuclear,Receptors, Estrogen, Type I,Receptors, Estrogen, Type II,Nuclear Receptor, Estrogen,Receptor, Estrogen
D001943 Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. Breast Cancer,Breast Tumors,Cancer of Breast,Breast Carcinoma,Cancer of the Breast,Human Mammary Carcinoma,Malignant Neoplasm of Breast,Malignant Tumor of Breast,Mammary Cancer,Mammary Carcinoma, Human,Mammary Neoplasm, Human,Mammary Neoplasms, Human,Neoplasms, Breast,Tumors, Breast,Breast Carcinomas,Breast Malignant Neoplasm,Breast Malignant Neoplasms,Breast Malignant Tumor,Breast Malignant Tumors,Breast Neoplasm,Breast Tumor,Cancer, Breast,Cancer, Mammary,Cancers, Mammary,Carcinoma, Breast,Carcinoma, Human Mammary,Carcinomas, Breast,Carcinomas, Human Mammary,Human Mammary Carcinomas,Human Mammary Neoplasm,Human Mammary Neoplasms,Mammary Cancers,Mammary Carcinomas, Human,Neoplasm, Breast,Neoplasm, Human Mammary,Neoplasms, Human Mammary,Tumor, Breast
D004249 DNA Damage Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS. DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D017209 Apoptosis A regulated cell death mechanism characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA, at regularly spaced, internucleosomal sites, i.e., DNA FRAGMENTATION. It is genetically programmed and serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. Apoptosis, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Intrinsic Pathway,Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis,Classic Apoptosis,Classical Apoptosis,Programmed Cell Death,Programmed Cell Death, Type I,Apoptoses, Extrinsic Pathway,Apoptoses, Intrinsic Pathway,Apoptosis, Caspase-Dependent,Apoptosis, Classic,Apoptosis, Classical,Caspase Dependent Apoptosis,Cell Death, Programmed,Classic Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Extrinsic Pathway Apoptosis,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptoses,Intrinsic Pathway Apoptosis
D045744 Cell Line, Tumor A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. Tumor Cell Line,Cell Lines, Tumor,Line, Tumor Cell,Lines, Tumor Cell,Tumor Cell Lines
D049109 Cell Proliferation All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION. Cell Growth in Number,Cellular Proliferation,Cell Multiplication,Cell Number Growth,Growth, Cell Number,Multiplication, Cell,Number Growth, Cell,Proliferation, Cell,Proliferation, Cellular
D060754 Equol A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines. (+-)-Isomer of Equol,3'-Hydroxy-Equol,4'-O-Methyl Equol,4'-methoxy-7-isoflavanol,6'-Hydroxy-Equol,3' Hydroxy Equol,4' O Methyl Equol,4' methoxy 7 isoflavanol,6' Hydroxy Equol,Equol, 4'-O-Methyl

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