Biomaterial Database

Memory deficit after closed head injury. 1990

H S Levin

Division of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.

This paper reviews research concerning impairment of memory during the early and late stages of recovery from closed-head injury (CHI). Posttraumatic and retrograde amnesia are discussed, including direct measurement, rate of forgetting and evoked potential correlates. Studies of residual memory deficit in survivors of CHI are reviewed, including the effects of severity and chronicity of injury and features such as utilization of semantic features to guide recall. The evidence for relatively preserved motor and pattern analyzing skills after severe CHI is presented and the implications for rehabilitation are discussed.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009483	Neuropsychological Tests	Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.	Aphasia Tests,Cognitive Test,Cognitive Testing,Cognitive Tests,Memory for Designs Test,Neuropsychological Testing,AX-CPT,Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome,CANTAB,Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery,Clock Test,Cognitive Function Scanner,Continuous Performance Task,Controlled Oral Word Association Test,Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System,Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment,Hooper Visual Organization Test,NEPSY,Neuropsychologic Tests,Neuropsychological Test,Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test,Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure,Symbol Digit Modalities Test,Test of Everyday Attention,Test, Neuropsychological,Tests, Neuropsychological,Tower of London Test,Neuropsychologic Test,Test, Cognitive,Testing, Cognitive,Testing, Neuropsychological,Tests, Cognitive
D011939	Mental Recall	The process whereby a representation of past experience is elicited.	Recall, Mental
D001924	Brain Concussion	A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	Cerebral Concussion,Commotio Cerebri,Concussion, Intermediate,Concussion, Mild,Concussion, Severe,Mild Traumatic Brain Injury,Brain Concussions,Cerebral Concussions,Concussion, Brain,Concussion, Cerebral,Intermediate Concussion,Intermediate Concussions,Mild Concussion,Mild Concussions,Severe Concussion,Severe Concussions
D001925	Brain Damage, Chronic	A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	Encephalopathy, Chronic,Chronic Encephalopathy,Chronic Brain Damage
D005500	Follow-Up Studies	Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.	Followup Studies,Follow Up Studies,Follow-Up Study,Followup Study,Studies, Follow-Up,Studies, Followup,Study, Follow-Up,Study, Followup
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000647	Amnesia	Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	Amnesia, Dissociative,Amnesia, Global,Amnesia, Hysterical,Amnesia, Tactile,Amnesia, Temporary,Amnesia-Memory Loss,Amnestic State,Amnesia Memory Loss,Amnesia-Memory Losses,Amnesias,Amnesias, Dissociative,Amnesias, Global,Amnesias, Hysterical,Amnesias, Tactile,Amnesias, Temporary,Amnestic States,Dissociative Amnesia,Dissociative Amnesias,Global Amnesia,Global Amnesias,Hysterical Amnesia,Hysterical Amnesias,State, Amnestic,States, Amnestic,Tactile Amnesia,Tactile Amnesias,Temporary Amnesia,Temporary Amnesias
D000648	Amnesia, Retrograde	Loss of the ability to recall information that had been previously encoded in memory prior to a specified or approximate point in time. This process may be organic or psychogenic in origin. Organic forms may be associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS; SEIZURES; DEMENTIA; and a wide variety of other conditions that impair cerebral function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-9)	Pre-Ictal Memory Loss,Retrograde Amnesia,Amnesia, Pre-Ictal,Memory Loss, Retrograde,Amnesia, Pre Ictal,Amnesias, Pre-Ictal,Amnesias, Retrograde,Memory Loss, Pre-Ictal,Memory Losses, Pre-Ictal,Memory Losses, Retrograde,Pre Ictal Memory Loss,Pre-Ictal Amnesia,Pre-Ictal Amnesias,Pre-Ictal Memory Losses,Retrograde Amnesias,Retrograde Memory Loss,Retrograde Memory Losses
D014706	Verbal Learning	Learning to respond verbally to a verbal stimulus cue.	Learning, Verbal,Learnings, Verbal,Verbal Learnings
D019965	Neurocognitive Disorders	Diagnoses of DEMENTIA and AMNESTIC DISORDER are subsumed here. (DSM-5)	Clerambault Syndrome,Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders,Kandinsky Syndrome,Mental Disorders, Organic,Organic Brain Syndrome, Nonpsychotic,Organic Mental Disorders,Organic Mental Disorders, Psychotic,Psychoses, Traumatic,Mild Neurocognitive Disorder,Nonpsychotic Organic Brain Syndrome,Disorder, Mild Neurocognitive,Disorder, Neurocognitive,Disorders, Mild Neurocognitive,Disorders, Neurocognitive,Disorders, Organic Mental,Mental Disorder, Organic,Mild Neurocognitive Disorders,Neurocognitive Disorder,Neurocognitive Disorder, Mild,Neurocognitive Disorders, Mild,Organic Mental Disorder,Traumatic Psychoses