Biomaterial Database

Antiarrhythmic effect of diltiazem during halothane anesthesia in dogs and in humans. 1985

N Iwatsuki, and M Katoh, and K Ono, and K Amaha

The antiarrhythmic effects of diltiazem (DL), a slow channel inhibitor, were evaluated in the presence of epinephrine-halothane-induced arrhythmias in dogs, of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) during anesthesia in patients (n = 10), and of tachyarrhythmias with associated atrial fibrillation (AF) during anesthesia in patients (n = 9). The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) during one MAC of halothane in dogs was increased from 1.13 +/- 0.21 to 3.14 +/- 0.89 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 by the administration of 0.3 mg/kg of DL. This suggests that DL significantly increases the threshold for the induction of arrhythmias associated with epinephrine and halothane. In 10 patients, PVCs that appeared spontaneously during halothane anesthesia were eliminated by the intravenous administration of DL (0.1 mg/kg). With an additional nine patients who had had AF preoperatively and suffered tachyarrhythmias during anesthesia, the intraoperative intravenous administration of DL significantly decreased heart rate (to less than 100 beats/min) within 10-15 min. Diltiazem is an effective means for the treatment of PVCs and AF-mediated tachyarrhythmias during anesthesia. Because of the pharmacologic properties of DL (e.g., depressing sinus and atrioventricular (AV) node function), DL should be used with caution in patients with a sick sinus syndrome or an AV block, or in the presence of beta-adrenergic antagonists.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008012	Lidocaine	A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.	Lignocaine,2-(Diethylamino)-N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)Acetamide,2-2EtN-2MePhAcN,Dalcaine,Lidocaine Carbonate,Lidocaine Carbonate (2:1),Lidocaine Hydrocarbonate,Lidocaine Hydrochloride,Lidocaine Monoacetate,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride,Lidocaine Monohydrochloride, Monohydrate,Lidocaine Sulfate (1:1),Octocaine,Xylesthesin,Xylocaine,Xylocitin,Xyloneural
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004110	Diltiazem	A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.	Aldizem,CRD-401,Cardil,Cardizem,Dilacor,Dilacor XR,Dilren,Diltiazem Hydrochloride,Diltiazem Malate,Dilzem,Tiazac,CRD 401,CRD401
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D004837	Epinephrine	The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.	Adrenaline,4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Adrenaline Acid Tartrate,Adrenaline Bitartrate,Adrenaline Hydrochloride,Epifrin,Epinephrine Acetate,Epinephrine Bitartrate,Epinephrine Hydrochloride,Epinephrine Hydrogen Tartrate,Epitrate,Lyophrin,Medihaler-Epi,Acetate, Epinephrine
D005117	Cardiac Complexes, Premature	A group of cardiac arrhythmias in which the cardiac contractions are not initiated at the SINOATRIAL NODE. They include both atrial and ventricular premature beats, and are also known as extra or ectopic heartbeats. Their frequency is increased in heart diseases.	Ectopic Heartbeats,Extrasystole,Premature Beats,Premature Cardiac Complexes,Cardiac Complex, Premature,Extrasystoles,Premature Cardiac Complex,Beat, Premature,Beats, Premature,Complexes, Premature Cardiac,Ectopic Heartbeat,Heartbeat, Ectopic,Heartbeats, Ectopic,Premature Beat,Premature Cardiac Complices
D005260	Female		Females
D006221	Halothane	A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)	1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan