Biomaterial Database

Hemodynamic changes during mechanical ventilation in infants and small children after open heart surgery. 1985

V V Alexi-Meskhisvili, and G E Falkowski, and A P Nikoljuk, and S A Popov

The study was undertaken to clarify the hemodynamic effects of intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with variation of the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) from 5 to 15 mbar. The cardiac index (CI) was measured with thermodilation techniques in 30 infants who underwent open-heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation for various congenital heart lesions. The age of the patients varied from 6 to 28 months and body weight from 4 to 15 kg. During IPPV the changing of PEEP levels up to 5 mbar did not have any effect on Cl. Further increase in the PEEP to 10 and 15 mbar caused a significant decrease in Cl (from 2.6 to 2.0 l.min-1.m-2, p less than 0.05). The oxygen consumption (VO2) did not change significantly (135 ml.min-1.m-2 to 128 l.min-1.m-2, p greater than 0.5). A positive end-expiratory pressure exceeding 5 mbar caused a decrease of intrapulmonary veno-arterial blood shunting (QS/QT) from 12.3 to 7.1%; p less than 0.01), while PEEP at the level of 5 mbar did not affect this parameter. The alveolo-arterial oxygen gradient (AsDO2) also decreased from 182 to 135 torr (p less than 0.01) when PEEP was 10 and 15 mbar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007385	Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation	Application of positive pressure to the inspiratory phase when the patient has an artificial airway in place and is connected to a ventilator.	BIPAP Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure,IPPV,Inspiratory Positive-Pressure Ventilation,Ventilation, Intermittent Positive-Pressure,Biphasic Intermittent Positive Airway Pressure,Inspiratory Positive Pressure Ventilation,Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation,Positive-Pressure Ventilation, Inspiratory,Positive-Pressure Ventilation, Intermittent,Ventilation, Inspiratory Positive-Pressure,Ventilation, Intermittent Positive Pressure
D010101	Oxygen Consumption	The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)	Consumption, Oxygen,Consumptions, Oxygen,Oxygen Consumptions
D011175	Positive-Pressure Respiration	A method of mechanical ventilation in which pressure is maintained to increase the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of expiration, thus reducing the shunting of blood through the lungs and improving gas exchange.	Positive End-Expiratory Pressure,Positive-Pressure Ventilation,End-Expiratory Pressure, Positive,End-Expiratory Pressures, Positive,Positive End Expiratory Pressure,Positive End-Expiratory Pressures,Positive Pressure Respiration,Positive Pressure Ventilation,Positive-Pressure Respirations,Positive-Pressure Ventilations,Pressure, Positive End-Expiratory,Pressures, Positive End-Expiratory,Respiration, Positive-Pressure,Respirations, Positive-Pressure,Ventilation, Positive-Pressure,Ventilations, Positive-Pressure
D011182	Postoperative Care	The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)	Care, Postoperative,Postoperative Procedures,Procedures, Postoperative,Postoperative Procedure,Procedure, Postoperative
D012121	Respiration, Artificial	Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).	Ventilation, Mechanical,Mechanical Ventilation,Artificial Respiration,Artificial Respirations,Mechanical Ventilations,Respirations, Artificial,Ventilations, Mechanical
D002302	Cardiac Output	The volume of BLOOD passing through the HEART per unit of time. It is usually expressed as liters (volume) per minute so as not to be confused with STROKE VOLUME (volume per beat).	Cardiac Outputs,Output, Cardiac,Outputs, Cardiac
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D006348	Cardiac Surgical Procedures	Surgery performed on the heart.	Cardiac Surgical Procedure,Heart Surgical Procedure,Heart Surgical Procedures,Procedure, Cardiac Surgical,Procedure, Heart Surgical,Procedures, Cardiac Surgical,Procedures, Heart Surgical,Surgical Procedure, Cardiac,Surgical Procedure, Heart,Surgical Procedures, Cardiac,Surgical Procedures, Heart
D006439	Hemodynamics	The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.	Hemodynamic

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