Simultaneous tracking of catheters and guidewires: comparison to standard fluoroscopic guidance for arterial cannulation. 2014

S Condino, and E M Calabrò, and A Alberti, and S Parrini, and R Cioni, and R N Berchiolli, and M Gesi, and V Ferrari, and M Ferrari
EndoCAS Center, Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: sara.condino@endocas.org.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to clinically assess the feasibility of a three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic (EM) navigator, including sensorized catheters and guidewires, to determine any reduction in radiation dose and contrast medium injection. METHODS The study was performed using a navigator prototype developed at the EndoCAS center. The system includes catheters and guidewires simultaneously tracked with an EM localizer (Aurora, Northern Digital, Waterloo, Canada). Tests were performed on a commercial abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Fifteen operators were asked to cannulate renal arteries using the conventional fluoroscopic guidance and the EM navigator without fluoroscopic support. Each trial was video-recorded and analyzed for timing and success of completing the cannulation task by two blinded and independent observers. Performances were also qualitatively evaluated using the Imperial College Endovascular Cannulation Scoring Tool (IC3ST). Moreover, a questionnaire was administered to participants to evaluate the navigator potentialities. RESULTS Quantitative analysis results show no significant difference between the fluoroscopic and EM guidance regarding the total procedure time (median 2.36 minutes [interquartile range {IQR} = 1.26-4.7) vs. 2.95 min [IQR = 1.35-5.38], respectively; p = .93); number of total hits with catheter/guidewire tip to vessels wall (median 5.50 [IQR = 2.00-10.00] vs. 3.50 [IQR = 2.50-7.00], respectively; p = .65); and number of attempts at cannulation (median 4.0 [IQR = 2.00-5.00] vs. 4.0 [IQR = 2.00-5.00], respectively; p = .72]. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the IC3ST score obtained using the EM navigator and the traditional method (average 22.37 [STD = 7.95] vs. 21.58 [STD = 6.86]; p = .92). Finally, questionnaire results indicate a general agreement concerning the navigator usefulness, which clearly shows the positions of instruments inside the 3D model of the patient's anatomy. Participants also agreed that the navigator can reduce the amount of contrast media delivered to the patient, as well as fluoroscopy time. CONCLUSIONS This work provides proof of concept that simultaneous EM navigation of guidewires and catheters is feasible without the use of live fluoroscopic images.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008953 Models, Anatomic Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study. Anatomic Models,Models, Surgical,Moulages,Models, Anatomical,Anatomic Model,Anatomical Model,Anatomical Models,Model, Anatomic,Model, Anatomical,Model, Surgical,Moulage,Surgical Model,Surgical Models
D008955 Models, Cardiovascular Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment. Cardiovascular Model,Cardiovascular Models,Model, Cardiovascular
D011795 Surveys and Questionnaires Collections of data obtained from voluntary subjects. The information usually takes the form of answers to questions, or suggestions. Community Survey,Nonrespondent,Questionnaire,Questionnaires,Respondent,Survey,Survey Method,Survey Methods,Surveys,Baseline Survey,Community Surveys,Methodology, Survey,Nonrespondents,Questionnaire Design,Randomized Response Technique,Repeated Rounds of Survey,Respondents,Survey Methodology,Baseline Surveys,Design, Questionnaire,Designs, Questionnaire,Methods, Survey,Questionnaire Designs,Questionnaires and Surveys,Randomized Response Techniques,Response Technique, Randomized,Response Techniques, Randomized,Survey, Baseline,Survey, Community,Surveys, Baseline,Surveys, Community,Techniques, Randomized Response
D011829 Radiation Dosage The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv). Sievert Units,Dosage, Radiation,Gray Units,Gy Radiation,Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent,Dosages, Radiation,Radiation Dosages,Units, Gray,Units, Sievert
D012077 Renal Artery A branch of the abdominal aorta which supplies the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters. Arteries, Renal,Artery, Renal,Renal Arteries
D002406 Catheterization, Peripheral Insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Arterial Catheterization, Peripheral,Catheterization, Bronchial,Catheterization, Peripheral Arterial,Catheterization, Peripheral Venous,Peripheral Catheterization,Venous Catheterization, Peripheral,Bronchial Catheterization,PICC Line Catheterization,PICC Line Placement,PICC Placement,Peripheral Arterial Catheterization,Peripheral Venous Catheterization,Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line Insertion,Arterial Catheterizations, Peripheral,Bronchial Catheterizations,Catheterization, PICC Line,Catheterizations, Bronchial,Catheterizations, PICC Line,Catheterizations, Peripheral,Catheterizations, Peripheral Arterial,Catheterizations, Peripheral Venous,PICC Line Catheterizations,PICC Line Placements,PICC Placements,Peripheral Arterial Catheterizations,Peripheral Catheterizations,Peripheral Venous Catheterizations,Placement, PICC,Placement, PICC Line,Placements, PICC,Placements, PICC Line,Venous Catheterizations, Peripheral
D002983 Clinical Competence The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care. Clinical Skills,Competence, Clinical,Clinical Competency,Clinical Skill,Competency, Clinical,Skill, Clinical,Skills, Clinical,Clinical Competencies,Competencies, Clinical
D003287 Contrast Media Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues. Radiopaque Media,Contrast Agent,Contrast Agents,Contrast Material,Contrast Materials,Radiocontrast Agent,Radiocontrast Agents,Radiocontrast Media,Agent, Contrast,Agent, Radiocontrast,Agents, Contrast,Agents, Radiocontrast,Material, Contrast,Materials, Contrast,Media, Contrast,Media, Radiocontrast,Media, Radiopaque
D005240 Feasibility Studies Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project. Feasibility Study,Studies, Feasibility,Study, Feasibility
D005471 Fluoroscopy Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen. Fluoroscopies

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