Tissue engineering stratified scaffolds for articular cartilage and subchondral bone defects repair. 2013

Ming Liu, and Xi Yu, and Fuguo Huang, and Shiqiang Cen, and Gang Zhong, and Zhou Xiang

Due to their good biocompatibility and mechanical integrity, tissue engineering scaffolds have become a principal method of repair and regeneration of osteochondral defects. To improve their intrinsic properties, control their degenerative times, and enhance their cell adhesion and differentiation, numerous scaffold architectures and formation methods have been developed and tested, but the ideal scaffold design is still controversial. Moreover, scaffold fixation has a significant influence on repair and regeneration after implantation. The authors analyzed relative studies to address the latest scaffold designs, including biphasic scaffold, multilayered scaffold, and continuous nonstratified scaffold, and this article compares their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the authors introduce a novel modified method for scaffold fixation known as magnetic fixation. Both stratified and nonstratified scaffolds can repair osteochondral defects, but continuous nonstratified scaffolds are more biomimetic compared with the native osteochondral structures, and they lead to a better regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage and structured bone tissue. Therefore, the authors suggest continuous nonstratified scaffolds are an effective option for treating osteochondral defects.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D012038 Regeneration The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue. Endogenous Regeneration,Regeneration, Endogenous,Regenerations
D002358 Cartilage, Articular A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact. Articular Cartilage,Articular Cartilages,Cartilages, Articular
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D054457 Tissue Scaffolds Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses. Tissue Scaffolding,Scaffold, Tissue,Scaffolding, Tissue,Scaffoldings, Tissue,Scaffolds, Tissue,Tissue Scaffold,Tissue Scaffoldings
D054544 Arthroplasty, Subchondral Surgical techniques used to correct or augment healing of chondral defects in the joints (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). These include abrasion, drilling, and microfracture of the subchondral bone to enhance chondral resurfacing via autografts, allografts, or cell transplantation. Arthroscopic Subchondral Abrasion,Arthroscopic Subchondral Bone Microfracture,Arthroscopic Subchondral Drilling,Arthroscopic Subchondral Microfracture,Subchondral Arthroplasty,Arthroplasties, Subchondral,Arthroscopic Subchondral Abrasions,Arthroscopic Subchondral Drillings,Arthroscopic Subchondral Microfractures,Subchondral Abrasion, Arthroscopic,Subchondral Abrasions, Arthroscopic,Subchondral Arthroplasties,Subchondral Drilling, Arthroscopic,Subchondral Drillings, Arthroscopic,Subchondral Microfracture, Arthroscopic,Subchondral Microfractures, Arthroscopic
D023822 Tissue Engineering Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures. Engineering, Tissue

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