Biomaterial Database

Direct demonstration of the activation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: [GM3]N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase by cyclic AMP. 1986

M A Scheideler, and G Dawson

Treatment of NG108-15 cells in culture with the opiate peptide [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin produces maximal inhibition of cyclic AMP synthesis in less than 15 min. The activity of [GM3]:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase is similarly inhibited, but maximal inhibition is not observed for at least 30 min following the addition of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin. Conversely, the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine rapidly potentiates the intracellular accumulation of cyclic AMP and, in a more gradual fashion, increases [GM3]:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. The reductions in the activity of [GM3]:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that occur following treatment of NG108-15 cells with indomethacin argues for a direct role of cyclic AMP in the observed changed in [GM3]:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. By adding low concentrations of cyclic AMP (but not cyclic GMP) to microsomes derived from neonatal rat brain, we were able to demonstrate a dose-dependent phosphorylation of membrane protein and subsequent doubling of [GM3]:N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008861	Microsomes	Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)	Microsome
D009447	Neuroblastoma	A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	Neuroblastomas
D010750	Phosphoproteins		Phosphoprotein
D010766	Phosphorylation	The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.	Phosphorylations
D011494	Protein Kinases	A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.	Protein Kinase,Kinase, Protein,Kinases, Protein
D001921	Brain	The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.	Encephalon
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D004743	Enkephalin, Leucine	One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.	Leucine Enkephalin,5-Leucine Enkephalin,Leu(5)-Enkephalin,Leu-Enkephalin,5 Leucine Enkephalin,Enkephalin, 5-Leucine,Leu Enkephalin
D004789	Enzyme Activation	Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.	Activation, Enzyme,Activations, Enzyme,Enzyme Activations