Biomaterial Database

Molecular diagnosis of endemic and invasive mycoses: advances and challenges. 2014

Beatriz L Gómez

School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia; Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address: bgomez@cib.org.co.

The diagnosis of endemic and invasive fungal disease remains challenging. Molecular techniques for identification of fungi now play a significant and growing role in clinical mycology and offer distinct advantages as they are faster, more sensitive and more specific. The aim of this mini-review is to provide an overview of the state of the art of molecular diagnosis of endemic and invasive fungal diseases, and to emphasize the challenges and current need for standardization of the different methods. The European Aspergillus PCR Initiative (EAPCRI) has made significant progress in developing a standard for Aspergillus polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but recognizes that the process will not be finished until clinical utility has been established in formal and extensive clinical trials. Similar efforts should be implemented for the diagnosis of the other mycoses in order to fully validate the current methods or reinforce the need to design new ones. This manuscript is part of the series of works presented at the "V International Workshop: Molecular genetic approaches to the study of human pathogenic fungi" (Oaxaca, Mexico, 2012).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009172	Mycology	The study of the structure, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of fungi, and MYCOSES.
D009181	Mycoses	Diseases caused by FUNGI.	Fungus Diseases,Fungal Diseases,Fungal Infections,Fungus Infections,Disease, Fungal,Disease, Fungus,Diseases, Fungal,Diseases, Fungus,Fungal Disease,Fungal Infection,Fungus Disease,Fungus Infection,Infection, Fungal,Infection, Fungus,Infections, Fungal,Infections, Fungus
D010228	Paracoccidioides	A mitosporic fungal genus. P. brasiliensis (previously Blastomyces brasiliensis) is the etiologic agent of PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS.	Blastomyces brasiliensis,Loboa loboi,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
D010229	Paracoccidioidomycosis	A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused most often by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma.	Blastomyces brasiliensis Infections,Blastomycosis, South American,Paracoccidioides Infection,Paracoccidioides Infections,Paracoccidioidomycoses,Blastomyces brasiliensis Infection,Paracoccidioidal Granuloma,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection,Granuloma, Paracoccidioidal,Infection, Blastomyces brasiliensis,Infection, Paracoccidioides,Infection, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,Infections, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis,Paracoccidioidal Granulomas,Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infections,Paracoccidioidomycose,South American Blastomycosis
D001759	Blastomycosis	A fungal infection that may appear in two forms: 1, a primary lesion characterized by the formation of a small cutaneous nodule and small nodules along the lymphatics that may heal within several months; and 2, chronic granulomatous lesions characterized by thick crusts, warty growths, and unusual vascularity and infection in the middle or upper lobes of the lung.	Blastomycosis, North American,Gilchrist Disease,Gilchrist's Disease,Blastomycoses,Gilchrists Disease,North American Blastomycosis
D003045	Coccidioides	A mitosporic fungal genus which causes COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS.	Coccidioides immitis
D003047	Coccidioidomycosis	Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.	Coccidioides Infection,Coccidioides posadasii Infection,Coccidioidomycosis Infection,Coccidioides immitis Infection,San Joaquin Valley Fever,Valley Fever,Coccidioides Infections,Coccidioides immitis Infections,Coccidioides posadasii Infections,Coccidioidomycoses,Coccidioidomycosis Infections,Infection, Coccidioides,Infection, Coccidioides immitis,Infection, Coccidioides posadasii,Infection, Coccidioidomycosis,Valley Fevers
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D055744	Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis	Lung infections with the invasive forms of ASPERGILLUS, usually after surgery, transplantation, prolonged NEUTROPENIA or treatment with high-doses of CORTICOSTEROIDS. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis can progress to CHRONIC NECROTIZING PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS or hematogenous spread to other organs.	Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis,Chronic Necrotizing Pulmonary Aspergillosis,Pulmonary Aspergillosis - Invasive,Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycoses,Aspergillosis, Invasive Pulmonary,Bronchopulmonary Mycoses, Allergic,Bronchopulmonary Mycosis, Allergic,Mycoses, Allergic Bronchopulmonary,Mycosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary,Pulmonary Aspergilloses, Invasive,Pulmonary Aspergillosis Invasive,Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Invasive
D058365	Candidiasis, Invasive	An important nosocomial fungal infection with species of the genus CANDIDA, most frequently CANDIDA ALBICANS. Invasive candidiasis occurs when candidiasis goes beyond a superficial infection and manifests as CANDIDEMIA, deep tissue infection, or disseminated disease with deep organ involvement.	Candidiases, Invasive,Invasive Candidiases,Invasive Candidiasis