Biomaterial Database

Procainamide, N-acetylprocainamide, antinuclear antibody and systemic lupus erythematosus. 1986

M M Reidenberg, and D E Drayer

Long-term therapy with procainamide (PA) leads to the systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome (SLE) in about 30% of patients and 80% develop antinuclear antibodies. Acetylation of procainamide results in the formation of N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) the propensity of which to induce SLE and to increase antinuclear antibodies is negligible while its antiarrhythmic properties remain. Slow acetylators of PA have a greater tendency to induce SLE consistent with the observation that it is the level of PA that is responsible for the observed immunologically-mediated side effects of the compound. This is also suggested by the remission of PA-induced SLE when PA is replaced with NAPA for the control of cardiac arrhythmias. Thus, NAPA, compared to the parent compound, has little tendency to induce SLE.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008180	Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic	A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	Libman-Sacks Disease,Lupus Erythematosus Disseminatus,Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,Disease, Libman-Sacks,Libman Sacks Disease
D011342	Procainamide	A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.	Procaine Amide,Apo-Procainamide,Biocoryl,Novocainamide,Novocamid,Procainamide Hydrochloride,Procamide,Procan,Procan SR,Procanbid,Pronestyl,Rhythmin,Amide, Procaine,Hydrochloride, Procainamide
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000107	Acetylation	Formation of an acetyl derivative. (Stedman, 25th ed)	Acetylations
D000120	Acecainide	A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.	Acetylprocainamide,Acecainide Hydrochloride,Acecainide Monohydrochloride,N-Acetylprocainamide,Hydrochloride, Acecainide,Monohydrochloride, Acecainide,N Acetylprocainamide
D000974	Antibodies, Antinuclear	Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.	Anti-DNA Antibodies,Antibodies, Anti-DNA,Antinuclear Antibodies,Antinuclear Autoantibodies,Antinuclear Autoantibody,Antinuclear Factors,Antinuclear Antibody,Antinuclear Factor,Anti DNA Antibodies,Antibody, Antinuclear,Autoantibody, Antinuclear,Factor, Antinuclear