Pressure-induced frustration-frustration process in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, a room-temperature ionic liquid. 2014

Hiroshi Abe, and Takahiro Takekiyo, and Naohiro Hatano, and Machiko Shigemi, and Nozomu Hamaya, and Yukihiro Yoshimura
Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Department of Applied Chemistry, National Defense Academy , Yokosuka 239-8686, Japan.

We have found that the room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) reveals outstanding pressure-induced phase changes from a liquid state to a crystal polymorph and finally to a glass form upon compression by up to 8 GPa. The RTIL is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C4mim][PF6], which offers the opportunity to investigate a variety of fluctuations in one system and can be completely recovered without dissociation or polymerization, even after decompression. Similar to charge frustration, spin ice-like frustration, and geometric frustration in high potential spintronics/multiferroic materials, the RTIL frustrations are classified into charge (scalar), orientation (vector), and coordination number (topology). Degrees of freedom at each state of [C4mim][PF6] are described by charge balancing, molecular orientational order/disorder, molecular conformations of the C4mim(+) cation, and the coordination number. Here, we show a novel "conformation glass" induced by high pressure.

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