Proteus Mediastinitis Causing Fatal Pseudoaneurysm following Aortic Valve Replacement. 2013

Sarfraz Nazir, and John Jeffery, and Alexandra-Alice Tenovici, and Horace D'Costa
Department of Radiology, Horton General Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford Road, Banbury, Oxfordshire OX16 9AL, UK.

We report an unusual case of Gram-negative mediastinitis following aortic valve replacement via median sternotomy. The patient presented two months after surgery following a urinary tract infection in septic shock with a discharging sternal wound and blood cultures positive for Proteus mirabilis. Imaging revealed a large anterior mediastinal abscess and aortic pseudoaneurysm which subsequently ruptured resulting in fatality. Gram-negative mediastinitis is a rare complication of cardiac surgery that can present late following initial clinical improvement and should be considered when "remote site" infections are present. Computerised Tomography scanning has a role to play in the identification of this.

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