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A comparison of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in French Bulldogs and Dachshunds and association with congenital vertebral anomalies. 2014

Takeshi Aikawa, and Mitsuhiro Shibata, and Moe Asano, and Yasushi Hara, and Masahiro Tagawa, and Hiromitsu Orima
Aikawa Veterinary Medical Center, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Kyounan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan.

OBJECTIVE To compare data for French Bulldogs and Dachshunds that had hemilaminectomy for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (T-L IVDE) by 1 surgeon and to evaluate the association between IVDE and congenital vertebral anomalies. METHODS Retrospective case series. METHODS French Bulldogs (n = 47) and 671 Dachshunds. METHODS Age, gender, vertebral anomaly, kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis, IVDE site, non-recovery and progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia development from grade 5 (paraplegia without deep nociception) were compared between the 2 breeds. RESULTS French Bulldogs were significantly younger (P = .00001), more likely to be male (P = .023), and more likely to have a congenital vertebral anomaly and kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis (P < .00001) than Dachshunds. The frequencies of French Bulldogs with IVDE within typical sites (T11-L3) were significantly lower (P = .0005) and within caudal sites (L3-L7) significantly higher (P = .0001) compared with Dachshunds. None of the French Bulldogs had IVDE within the kyphotic/kyphoscoliotic segment. The frequency of lumbar IVDE (L1-L5) in French Bulldogs with kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis was significantly higher (P = .003) compared with French Bulldogs without kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis. In grade 5 dogs, the risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia in French Bulldogs was significantly higher (P = .03) than in Dachshunds. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of IVDE site in French Bulldogs within the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine was different from Dachshunds. IVDE sites were not located at the sites of vertebral anomaly. French Bulldogs appeared to have T-L IVDE at younger ages, with higher male predisposition and higher risk of developing progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia from grade 5 compared with Dachshunds.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008159 Lumbar Vertebrae VERTEBRAE in the region of the lower BACK below the THORACIC VERTEBRAE and above the SACRAL VERTEBRAE. Vertebrae, Lumbar
D008297 Male Males
D004283 Dog Diseases Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used. Canine Diseases,Canine Disease,Disease, Canine,Disease, Dog,Diseases, Canine,Diseases, Dog,Dog Disease
D004285 Dogs The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065) Canis familiaris,Dog
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012189 Retrospective Studies Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. Retrospective Study,Studies, Retrospective,Study, Retrospective
D013904 Thoracic Vertebrae A group of twelve VERTEBRAE connected to the ribs that support the upper trunk region. Vertebrae, Thoracic
D055959 Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates. Degenerative Disc Disease,Degenerative Intervertebral Discs,Degenerative Intervertebral Disks,Intervertebral Disk Degeneration,Disc Degeneration,Disc Degradation,Disk Degeneration,Disk Degradation,Degeneration, Disc,Degeneration, Disk,Degeneration, Intervertebral Disc,Degeneration, Intervertebral Disk,Degenerative Disc Diseases,Degenerative Intervertebral Disc,Degenerative Intervertebral Disk,Degradation, Disc,Degradation, Disk,Disc Degeneration, Intervertebral,Disc Degenerations,Disc Degradations,Disc Disease, Degenerative,Disc, Degenerative Intervertebral,Disk Degeneration, Intervertebral,Disk Degenerations,Disk Degradations,Disk, Degenerative Intervertebral,Intervertebral Disc Degenerations,Intervertebral Disc, Degenerative,Intervertebral Disk Degenerations,Intervertebral Disk, Degenerative
D020022 Genetic Predisposition to Disease A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions. Genetic Predisposition,Genetic Susceptibility,Predisposition, Genetic,Susceptibility, Genetic,Genetic Predispositions,Genetic Susceptibilities,Predispositions, Genetic,Susceptibilities, Genetic

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