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Complex contact activation systems may have major involvement in side effects of i.v. contrast media. To investigate this, quantitative measurements of several factors (plasma prekallikrein, kallikrein inhibitory activity, haematocrit, alpha-2-macroglobulin, antithrombin III, alpha-1-antitrypsin and beta-thromboglobulin) were made before and after i.v. contrast phlebography in two groups of patients (each containing 21 patients) with no thrombosis, using a high- (meglumine iodamide) and a low-osmolality (ioxaglate) contrast medium. A statistically significant decrease in plasma prekallikrein was observed after the high-osmolality contrast medium, which is a sign of the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and an indicator of the activation of the intrinsic coagulation. These events may play an important role in the adverse effects of contrast media.
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